Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 1).djvu/530

498 surrounding the university buildings. Dr. Cald- well published "A Compendious System of Ele- mentary Geometry," with a subjoined treatise on plane trigonometry (1823), and " Letters of Carle- ton " (1825). The latter had previously appeared in a newspaper in Raleigh, and were designed to awaken an interest in internal improvements.

CALDWELL, Lisle Bones, educator, b. in Wilna, N. Y., 10 Jan., 1834. He was graduated at Baldwin's university, Berea, Ohio, in 1868, and has since been engaged in teaching and in charge of various Methodist Episcopal churches. In 1877 he was elected to the chair of natural sciences in East Tennessee Wesleyan university, and later also filled the chair of physics. In 1886 he was elected pro- fessor of applied chemistry and agriculture in the Grant memorial university, in Athens, Tenn. He has been actively connected with the temperance movement, and has filled high ottices in the sons of temperance. Prof. Caldwell has been a frequent contributor to periodical litei-ature, and has pub- lished " Wines of Palestine ; or. The Bible De- fended " (1859), and "Beyond the Grave" (1884).

CALDWELL, Merritt, educator, b. in Hebron, Oxford CO., Me., 29 Nov., 1806; d. in Portland, 6 June, 1848. He was graduated at Bowdoin in 1828, and in the same year was appointed to succeed his brother Zenas as principal of the Maine Wesleyan seminary at Read field. He was elected professor of mathematics and vice-president of Dickinson college, Pa., in 1834, and in 1887 was transferred to the chair of metaphysics and English literature, which he held for the rest of his life. The presi- dent of the college was often absent, and his duties fell on Prof. Caldwell, who performed them with great ability. He wrote much for the press, and was specially interested in the temperance reform. He visited England in 1846 as a delegate to the world's convention that formed the "evangelical alliance," and was also a delegate to the world's temperance convention from the Pennsylvania so- ciety. He published " The Doctrine of the English Verb" (1837); "Manual of Elocution" (Philadel- phia, 1846) ; " Philosophy of Christian Perfection " (1847) ; and " Christianity tested by Eminent Men" (New York, 1852). A memoir of him has been published by Rev. S. M. Vail, D. D.— His elder brother, Zenas, b. in Hebron, Me., 31 March, 1800 ; d. 26 Dec, 1826, was graduated at Bowdoin in 1824, and was the first principal of Maine Wes- leyan seminary. A volume containing some of his writings, both prose and poetry, and a memoir by Rev. S. M. Vail, D. D., was published in 1855.

CALDWELL, Samuel, soldier. He was a ma- jor of the Kentucky "levies of 1791," and was dis- tinguished in Wilkinson's expedition against the Indians in August of that year. He was lieuten- ant-colonel commanding a regiment of Kentucky volunteers from September till November, 1812, and again in Green Clay's brigade of six-months volunteers under Gen. Harrison in 1813. He was made brigadier-general of volunteers on 31 Aug., 1813, and commanded a brigade in the battle of the Thames, 5 Oct., 1813.

CALDWELL, Samuel Lunt, educator, b. in Newburyport, Mass., 13 Nov., 1820; d. in Providence, R. I., 26 Sept., 1889. He was graduated at Water- ville, and, after teaching school at Hampton Falls, N. H., and Newburyport, Mass., entered Newton theological institute, where he was graduated in 1845. He was pastor of Baptist churches in Ban- gor, Me., from 1846 till 1858, and in Providence, R. I., from 1858 till 1873. He then became professor of church history in Newton theological institute, and on 12 Sept., 1878, was elected president of Vas- sar college. He resigned in 1885 and removed to Providence, R. I. Colby university gave him the degree of D. D. in 1858, and Brown that of LL. D. in 1884. Dr. Caldwell has published a " Memorial of Prof. R. P. Dunn " (Cambridge, 1867) ; an inde- pendence-day oration (Providence, 1861) ; " Litera- ture in Account with Life," an oration delivered at the commencement of Michigan university (1885) ; and two lectures in " The Newton Lectures " (1886), besides sermons and contributions to periodicals. He edited volumes iii. and iv. of " Publications of the Narragansett Clul)" (Providence, 1865).

CALDWELL, William Warner, b. in Newburyport, Mass., 28 Oct., 1823. He was graduated at Bowdoin in 1843, and engaged in business in his native town. He has published a volume of "Poems, Original and Translated" (Boston, 1857), containing translations from the German of Hebel. Geibel, and Fallersleben. Since that time many more poems and translations of German lyrics by Mr. Caldwell have appeared in the Boston " Tran- script " and other journals, and more than fifty of them set to music have been published in the " Normal Music Course."

CALEF, or CALFE, Robert, author, d. about 1723. He was a Boston merchant, and powerfully attacked the witchcraft delusion in a book called " More Wonders of the Invisible World " (London, 1700 ; Salem, Mass., 1796). The title was suggested by Cotton Mather's " Wonders of the Invisible World." Calef's plain facts and common-sense ar- guments had a powerful effect on public opinion, and conti'ibuted much to the decline of the delu- sion. His book irritated Mather, who called Calef " a weaver turned minister " and " a coal from hell," and finally prosecuted him for slander. Dr. Increase Mather, president of Harvard college, or- dered the wicked book to be burned in the college- yard. The members of the Old North church pub- lished a defence of their pastors, the Mathers, entitled " Remarks upon a Scandalous Book," etc., with the motto, " Truth will come off Conqueror." Calef's book made him unpopular, and Samuel Mather, in his life of his father, says : " There was a certain disbeliever of witchcraft who wrote against this book ; but, as the man is dead, his book died long before him."

CALHOUN, John C., statesman, b. in Ninety-six district, S. C., 18 March, 1782; d. in Washington, D. C., 31 March, 1850. His grandfather, James Calhoun, emigrated from Donegal, Ireland, to Pennsylvania in 1733, bringing with him a family of children, of whom Patrick Calhoun was one, a boy six years old. The family removed to western Virginia, again moved farther south, and in 1756 established the &ldquo;Calhoun settlement&rdquo; in the upper part of South Carolina. This was near the frontier of the Cherokee Indians; conflicts between them and the whites were frequent and bloody, and the Calhoun family suffered severe loss. Patrick Calhoun was distinguished for his undaunted courage and perseverance in these struggles, and was placed in command of provincial rangers raised for the defence of the frontier. His resolute and active character gave him credit among his people, and he was called to important service during the revolutionary war, in support of American independence. By profession he was a surveyor, and gained success by his skill. He was a man of studious and thoughtful habits, and well versed in English literature. His father was a Presbyterian, and he adhered to the religion of his fathers. In 1770 he married Martha Caldwell, a native of Virginia, daughter of an Irish Presbyterian immigrant,