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478 contraband of war ; hence arose the designation of " contrabands," often applied to slaves during the war. In August he captured Forts Hatteras and Clark on the coast of North Carolina. He then re- turned to Massa- chusetts to recruit an expedition for the gulf of Mexico and the Mississip- pi. Un 23 March, 1802, the expedi- tion reached Ship island, and on 17 April went up the Mississippi. The fleet under Farra- gut having passed theforts, 24 April, and virtually capt- ured New Orleans, Gen. Butler took possession of the cityonlMay. His administration of affairs was marked by great vigor. He instituted strict sanitary regulations, armed the free colored men, and compelled rich secessionists to contribute toward the support of the poor of the city. His course in hanging William Mum- ford for hauling down the U. S. flag from the mint, and in issuing " Order No. 28," intended to prevent women from insulting soldiers, excited strong re- sentment, not only in the south, but in the north and abroad, and in December, 18G2, Jefferson Davis issued a proclamation declaring him an outlaw. On 10 May, 1802, Gen. Butler seized about $800,000 which had been deposited in the office of the Dutch consul, claiming that arms for the confederates were to be bought with it. This action was pro- tested against by all the foreign consuls, and the government at Washington, after an investigation, ordered the return of the money. On 10 Dec, 1802, Gen. Butler was recalled, as he believes, at the instigation of Louis Napoleon, who supposed the general to be hostile to his Mexican schemes. Near the close of 1863 he was placed in command of the department of Virginia and North Carolina, and his force was afterward designated as the Army of the James. In October, 1804, there being ap- prehensions of trouble in New York during the election, Gen. Butler was sent there with a force to insure quiet. In December he conducted an inef- fectual expedition against Port Fisher, near Wil- mington, N. C, and soon afterward was removed from command by Gen. Grant. He then returned to his residence in Massachusetts. In 1800 he was elected by the republicans a member of congress, where he remained till 1879, with the exception of the term for 1875-'7. He was the most active of the managers appointed in 1868 by the house of representatives to conduct the impeachment of President Johnson. He was the unsuccessful re- publican nominee for governor of Massachusetts in 1871 ; and in 1878 and 1879, having changed his politics, was the candidate of the independent greenback party and of one wing of the democrats for the same office, but was again defeated. In 1882 the democrats united upon him as their can- didate, and he was elected, though the rest of the state ticket was defeated. During his administra- tion he made a charge of gross mismanagement against the authorities of the Tewksbury alms- house ; but, after a long investigation, a committee of the legislature decided that it was not sustained. In 1883 he was renominated, but was defeated. In 1884 he was the candidate of the greenback and anti-monopolist parties for the presidency, and re- ceived 133,825 votes. — His wife, Sarali, a daughter of Dr. Israel Hildreth, of Lowell, b. ni 1821 ; d. in Boston, Mass., 8 April, 1876, was on the stage from 1837 till 1842, when she married Gen. Butler and retired. Their daughter married Gen. Adelbert Ames, of the U. S. army. See '• General Butler in New Orleans," by James Parton (New York, 1863).

BUTLER, Charles, lawyer, b. at Kinderhook Landin^^, N. Y., 15 Feb., 1802; d. in New York city, 13 Dec, 1897. lie received his education in his native village, and subsequently studied law in Kinderhook. Later he entered the office of Van •Buren & Butler, living in the family of Mr. Van Buren, then attorney-general of the state. Ad- mitted to the bar in 1825, he began practice in Geneva, N. Y., where he resided until his removal to New York. In 1833 he purchased land in Chi- cago, then known as Fort Dearborn, and soon after incluced his brother-in-law, William B. Ogden, to settle there. Mr. Butler was one of the founders of the Union theological seminary and one of the earliest patrons of the New York university, of both of which institutions he was president. To each he gave the sum of $100,000, and he was also a benefactor to many charitable societies. For sixty years he was among New York's best citizens.

BUTLER, Clement Moore, clergyman, b. in Troy, N. Y., 16 Oct., 1810 : d. in Germantown, Pa., 5 March, 1890. He was graduated at Trinity col- le<je in 1833, and at the General theological semi- nary. New York, in 1836. From 1837 to 1854 he was pastor of churches in New York city, Palmyra, N. Y., Georgetown, D. C. Boston, Mass., and Wash- ington, D. 0. He was chaplain of the U. S. senate from 1849 till 1853. From 1854 till 1857 he had charge of Christ church, Cincinnati, Ohio, and then returned to Washington, where he was again rector of Trinity church tall 1861. From that time till 1864 he was chaplain to the U. S. minister at Rome, Italy, and rector of Grace church in that city. He returned to the United States in 1864, and became professor of ecclesiastical history in the divinity school of the Protestant Episcopal church in Phila- delphia, resigning in 1884 on account of failing health. He published " The Year of the Church," hymns for the feasts and festivals of the church, for young people (Utica, N. Y., 1840); "The Flock Fed," confirmation lessons (New York, 1845); "The Book of C!ommon Prayer interpreted by its His- tory" (Boston, 1846; 2d ed., enlarged, Washington, D. C. 1849) ; " Old Truths and New Errors " (New York, 1848) ; " Lectures on the Revelation of St. John " (1850) ; " Addresses in Washington " (Cin- cinnati, 1868) ; " Ritualism of Law " (1859) : " St. Paul in Rome" (Philadelphia, 1865); "Inner Rome "(1866): Manual of Ecclesiastical History, from the First to the Nineteenth Century " (2 vols., Philadelphia, 1868 and 1872); "History of the Book of Common Prayer" (1879); and "History of the Reformation in Sweden " (New York. 1883). Dr. Butler also published about forty occasional sermons, among them the funeral sermons of John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay, printed by order of the U. 8. senate.

BUTLER, Ezra, clergyman, b. in Lancaster, Mass., in September, 1763; d. in Waterbury, Vt., 12 July, 1838. His mother died when he was a mere boy, and, after living for a few years with his eldest brother, he went, at the age of fourteen, to Claremont, N. H., where he took charge of a large farm, remaining there till he was of age, with the exception of six months' service in the revolutionary army, in 1779. In 1785, with his brother Asaph, he removed to Waterbury, Vt., then in the