Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 1).djvu/475

Rh rations he embodied in a work entitled "Six Months in the Gold Mines" (Philadelphia, 1850). When the " Alta California " newspaper was founded, Mr. Buffum became its editor-in-chief. He was elected a member of the legislature from San Francisco, and declined the speakership. He wrote a history of Col. Stevenson's regiment, in which he gave a graphic and interesting description of life in California in its early days. He went to Europe as special correspondent of the "New York Herald," residing in Paris in that capacity for more than eight years, up to the time of his death. He was a frequent contributor to magazines, both European and American.

BUFORD, Abraham, soldier, b. in Virginia; d. in Scott CO., Ky., 29 June, 1838. He was appointed colonel of Morgan's 11th Virginia regiment, 16 May, 1778. On 29 May, 1780, his command was surprised and massacred by Col. Tarleton's at Waxhaw Creek. They had set out for Charleston to relieve Gen. Lincoln, but, hearing of his surrender, were on the return march. Tarleton's men surrounded the force, which consisted of 400 infantry and a small detachment of cavalry, with 700 cavalry and mounted infantry. While parleying, the British commander prepared for an attack, which was carried out so suddenly, when Col. Buford refused the offered terms, that the continental troops were thrown into confusion and were killed without quarter by the British. "Tarleton's quarter" after that came to be a synonym for barbarity.

BUFORD, Abraham, soldier, b. in Kentucky about 1820: d. 9 June, 1864. He was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1841, and assigned to the 1st dragoons, was promoted first lieutenant in 1846, and brevetted captain for gallantry at Buena Vista. In 1848-'51 he served in New Mexico, and in 1852-'4 in the cavalry school at Carlisle, Pa., and as secretary of the military asylum of Harrodsburg, Ky., with the rank of captain, and on 23 Oct., 1854, he resigned from the army and became a farmer in Woodford co., Ky. In 1861 he entered the service of the Confederate states, was commissioned a brigadier-general, and performed distinguished services. He died by his own hand.

BUFORD, Napoleon Bonaparte, soldier, b. in Woodford co., Ky., 13 Jan., 1807; d. 28 March, 1883. He was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1827, and employed as a lieutenant of artillery in various surveys. In 1831 he obtained leave to enter Harvard law-school, and in 1834-'5 was assistant professor of natural and experimental philosophy at West Point. On 31 Dec, 1835, he resigned his commission, and became resident engineer of the Licking river improvement, in the service of the state of Kentucky, and afterward an iron-founder and banker at Rock Island, 111., and in 1857 president of the Rock Island and Peoria railroad. On 10 Aug., 1861, he entered the national army as colonel of the 27th Illinois volunteers, took part in the battle of Belmont, Mo., 7 Nov., 1861, was in command at Columbus, Ky., after its evacuation by the confederates in March, 1862, and in the attack on Island No. 10, captured Union City by surprise after a forced march, commanded the garrison at Island No. 10 after the capitulation of the fort, and was engaged in the expedition to Fort Pillow in April, 1862. He was promoted brigadier-general on 15 April, 1862, took part in the siege of Corinth, commanded a division at Jacinto fi'ora June till September, 1862, was engaged at the battle of Corinth on 3 and 4 Oct., 1862, and in the siege of Vicksburg in 1863, and was in command of Cairo, Ill., from March till September, 1863, and at Helena, Ark., from 12 Sept., 1863, till 9 March, 1865. He was brevetted major-general of volunteers on 13 March, 1865, and mustered out of the service on 24 Aug., 1865. He was special U. S. commissioner of Indian affairs from 7 Feb. till 1 Sept., 1868, and for inspecting the Union Pacific railroad from 1 Sept., 1867, till 10 March, 1869, when the road was completed.—His half-brother, John, soldier, b. in Kentucky in 1825; d. in Washington. D. C., 16 Dec, 1863, was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1848; was appointed brevet second lieutenant in the 1st dragoons and served on the plains, being engaged in the Sioux expedition of 1855, at Blue Water, in the Kansas disturbances of 1856-'7, and in the Utah expedition of 1857-'8 until the civil war began ; he was made a major in the inspector-general's corps on 12 Nov., 1861. His duties did not give him an opportunity to engage in the campaigns until 1862, when he was attached to the staff of Gen. Pope in the Army of Virginia on 26 June, and on 27 July made a brigadier-general, assigned to the command of a brigade of cavalry under Gen. Hooker in the northern Virginia campaign, and engaged at the skirmish at Madison Court-House, 9 Aug., the passage of the Rapidan in pursuit of Jackson's force, 12 Aug., Kelly's Ford, Thoroughfare Gap, 28 Aug., and Manassas, 29 and 30 Aug., where he was wounded. He served as chief of cavalry of the Army of the Potomac in the Maryland campaign, being engaged at South Mountain, 14 Sept., 1862, at Antietam, 17 Sept., where he succeeded Gen. Stoneman on Gen. McClellan's staff, and in the march to Falmouth. When the cavalry organization of the Army of the Potomac was perfected, of which Gen. Stoneman was at that time the chief, Gen. Buford was assigned to command the reserve cavalry brigade. He was subsequently conspicuous in almost every cavalry engagement, being at Fredericksburg, 13 Dec, 1862, in Stoneman's raid toward Richmond in the beginning of May, 1863, and at Beverly Ford, 9 June, 1863. He commanded the cavalry division of the Army of the Potomac in the Pennsylvania campaign, was engaged at Aldie, Middleburg, and Upperville, and at Gettysburg he began the attack on the enemy before the arrival of Revnolds on 1 July, and the next day rendered important services both at Wolf's Hill and Round Top. He participated in the pursuit of the enemy to Warrenton, and in the subsequent operations in Virginia, being engaged at Culpepper, and, after pursuing the enemy across the Rapidan, cut his way to rejoin the army north of the Rappahannock. A short time previous to his death he was assigned to the command of the cavalry in the Army of the Cumberland, and had left the Army of the Potomac for that purpose. His last sickness was the result of toil and exposure. His commission as major-general reached him on the day of his death.

BUGBEE, Lucius Halen, educator, b. in Gowaudu, N. Y., 25 Nov., 1830; d. in Geneva, N. Y., 28 July, 1883. He was graduated at Amherst, became a teacher, was ordained a minister in the Methodist Episcopal church, and was principal of Fayette semuiary, Iowa, in 1857-'60, pastor of a church in Chicago, Ill., in 1861-'3, president of the Northweslern female college at Evanstown, Ill., in 1865-'8, of Cincinnati Wesleyan college in 1868-'75, and afterward of Alleghany college, Meadville, Pa.

BUIL, Bernardo (boo-eel), Spanish missionary, b. in Catalonia; d. in Cuxa in 1520. He was a member of the Benedictine order, a monk of St. Benoit, in Austria, and in 1493 was appointed by the pope vicar-apostolic in the New World. He ae-