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404 1884. He was graduated at Columbia in 1811, and studied for the Protestant Episcopal ministry under Bishop J. H. Hobart. In 1812 he was ordained in St. Paul's church, New York, and took charge of Trinity church, Fishkill, where he remained until 1815, when he became rector of St. George's church, Newburg. He continued with this parish until 1878, and from 1818 till 1847 was also rector of St. Thomas's church in New Windsor. Dr. Brown succeeded in forming his own congregation into a strong parish, and largely aided feebler churches in neighboring counties. He was believed to be the oldest Episcopal clergyman, in point of service, in the United States, and was also one of the oldest masons in the country, having been initiated on 10 June, 1817, in Hiram lodge, Newburg. When Gen. Lafayette visited the United States, in 1824, Dr. Brown, at a reception held at Washington's headquarters, delivered the address of welcome.

BROWN, John, of Osawatomie, abolitionist, b. in Torrington, Conn., 9 May, 1800; executed in Charlestown, Va., 2 Dec., 1859. His ancestor, Peter Brown, came over with the historic party in the &ldquo;Mayflower&rdquo; in 1620. Peter was unmarried, by trade a carpenter, and drew his house-lot in Plymouth with the rest; but he removed soon afterward, with Bradford, Standish, and Winslow, to the neighboring settlement of Duxbury. He was twice married, and died early. One of his descendants in the main line was a Captain John Brown, of the Connecticut militia, who died of disease in the revolutionary service in 1770. This revolutionary captain married Hannah Owen, of Welsh origin; and their son, Owen Brown, married Ruth Mills, who was of Dutch descent; so that John Brown of Osawatomie, their son, had a mingling of the blood of three races in his veins, resulting in a corresponding mixture of strong qualities. Owen Brown left a brief autobiography, which begins by saying: &ldquo;My life has been of little worth, mostly filled up with vanity.&rdquo; Then he goes on to describe, with some fulness, this career of frivolity, which will seem to most readers grave and decorous to the last degree. The most interesting entry is the following: &ldquo;In 1800, May 9, [my son] John was born, one hundred years after his great-grandfather; nothing else very uncommon&rdquo;; and he adds, in tranquil ignorance of the future: &ldquo;We lived in peace with all mankind, so far as I know.&rdquo; How far the parent would have approved the stormy career of the son is now matter of inference only; but we have it in Owen Brown's own declaration that he was one of that early school of abolitionists whom Hopkins and Edwards enlightened; and he apparently took part in the forcible rescue of some slaves claimed by a Virginia clergyman in Connecticut in 1798,

soon after that state had abolished slavery. The continuous anti-slavery devotion of the whole family, for three generations, was a thing almost unexampled. Mr. Sanborn has preserved verbatim a most quaint and graphic fragment of autobiography, written by John Brown, of Osawatomie, in 1859. In this he records with the utmost frankness his boyish pursuits and transgressions; how at the age of four he stole three brass pins, and at the age of five removed with his parents to Ohio, where he grew familiar with the Indians, who were then dwelling all around them. He says of himself: &ldquo;John was never quarrelsome; but was exceedingly fond of the harshest and roughest kind of plays; and could never get enough [of] them. Indeed, when for a short time he was sometimes sent to school, the opportunity it offered to wrestle and snow-ball and run and jump and knock off old seedy wool hats, offered to him almost the only compensation for the confinement and restraint of school.&rdquo; In this boyish combativeness, without personal quarrelsomeness, we see the quality of the future man. He further records that in boyhood his great delight was in going on responsible expeditions, and by the age of twelve he was often sent a hundred miles into the wilderness with cattle. This adventurous spirit took no military direction; he was disgusted with what he heard of the war of 1812, and for many years used to be fined for refusing to do militia duty. He was very fond of reading, and familiar with every portion of the Bible; but he never danced, and never knew one card from another. Staying in a house where there was a slave-boy almost his own age, and seeing this boy ill-treated &mdash; even beaten, as he declares, with an iron fire-shovel &mdash; he became, in his own words, &ldquo;a most determined abolitionist,&rdquo; and was led &ldquo;to declare, or swear, eternal war with slavery.&rdquo; From the fifteenth to the twentieth years of his age he worked as a farmer and currier, chiefly for his father, and for most of the time as foreman. He then learned surveying, and followed that for a while, afterward gratifying his early love for animals by becoming a shepherd. Meanwhile he married, as he says, &ldquo;a remarkably plain, but neat, industrious, and economical girl, of excellent character, earnest piety, and good practical common sense,&rdquo; who had, he asserts, a most powerful and good influence over him. This was Dianthe Lusk, a widow, and they had seven children. His second wife was Mary Anne Day, by whom he had thirteen children, and who survived him twenty-five years, dying in San Francisco in 1884. She also was a woman of strong and decided character; and though among the twenty children of the two marriages eight died in early childhood, the survivors all shared the strong moral convictions of their father, and the whole family habitually lived a life of great self-denial in order that his purposes might be carried out.

The contest for Kansas in 1855-'6 between the friends of freedom and those of slavery was undoubtedly, as it has since been called, the skirmish-line of the civil war. It was there made evident &mdash; what an anti-slavery leader so conspicuous as Joshua R. Giddings had utterly refused to believe &mdash; that the matter was coming to blows. The condition of affairs was never better stated than in the Charleston &ldquo;Mercury&rdquo; by a young man named Warren Wilkes, who had commanded for a time a band of so-called southern &ldquo;settlers&rdquo; in Kansas. He wrote in the spring of 1856: &ldquo;If the south secures Kansas, she will extend slavery into all territories south of the fortieth parallel of north latitude to the Rio Grande; and this, of course, will