Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 1).djvu/418

390 have to "pass through the enemy's country" to get there. The poet Bryant celebrated the event by some verses in the "Evening Post," in which the refrain was, "Bully Brooks is afraid." Mr. Brooks resigned his seat, and was unanimously re-elected by his constituents. He also received numerous costly canes and other testimonials from different parts of the south.

BROOKS, Thomas Benton, engineer, b. in Monroe, Orange co., N. Y., 15 June, 1836. He was graduated at the engineering department of Union in 1858. During the civil war he was captain in the 1st New York volunteer engineers, afterward becoming major and aide on the general staff of the army. As such he served under Gen. Gillmore in the reduction of Fort Pulaski and Fort Wagner and before Chai'leston. His reports are given in full in Gen. Gillmore's "Siege and Reduction of Fort Pulaski" (New York, 1862), and in his "Operations against the Defences of Charleston Harbor" (1863). At the time of his resignation he held the brevet rank of colonel. From 1869 till 1879 he was assistant geologist in charge of the surveys of the Lake Superior iron regions. In this connection he was associated with Raphael Pumpelly, and prepared "Geological Survey of Michigan" (vols. i. and ii.. New York, 1873, also " Geology of Wisconsin " (part of vol. iii., Madison, 1879). His health having failed, in 1879 he turned his attention to farming, and now resides at Newburg. N. Y.

BROOKS, William Keith, naturalist, b. in Cleveland, Ohio, 25 March, 1848. He was graduated at Williams in 1870, and at Harvard as Ph. D. in 1875, after which he became assistant in the Boston society of natural history. In 1876 he was elected a fellow of Johns Hopkins university, then an associate, and since 1883 he has been professor of morphology. Under his direction the Chesapeake zoological laboratory of Johns Hopkins university was organized in 1878, and it has been under his supervision since its beginning. In connection with this work he has edited "Studies from the Biological Laboratory" (Baltimore, 1879, et seq.). He has also published "Hand-Book of Invertebrate Zoology " (Boston, 1882) and "Heredity" (Baltimore, 1884). The artificial development of the American oyster is largely due to his efforts, and in that connection he wrote "The Development and Protection of the Oyster in Maryland" (Baltimore, 1884). He has contributed many valuable scientific papers and reports to periodicals, among which are "Conifer, a Study in Morphology," published in the "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society" (London, 1881), and "Report on the Stomatopoda collected by H. M. S. Challenger" (1886). Dr. Brooks is a "member of the Maryland academy of sciences and other scientific societies, and in 1884 was elected a member of the National academy of sciences.

BROOKS, William Thomas Harbaugh, soldier, b. in New Lisbon, Ohio, 28 Jan., 1821 ; d. in Huntsville, Ala., 19 July, 1870. He was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1841 and served in Florida in 1841-'2. In ' 1843-5 he was on frontier duty in Kansas, and in 1845-'6 served in the military occupation of Texas, becoming first lieutenant in the 3d infantry, 21 Sept., 1846. He was in nearly all the battles in the Mexican war, was brevetted captain, 23 Sept., 1846, for his conduct at Monterey, and major, 20 Aug., 1847, for services at Contreras and Churubusco. In 1848-'51 he was aide-de-camp to Gen. Twiggs, and on 10 Nov., 1851, became captain in the 3d infantry. From this time until the civil war he served in various forts. In 1854 and again in 1858 he was on scouting duty, and from 1858 till 1860 was given sick leave. On 28 Sept., 1861, he was made brigadier-general of volunteers, and served in the peninsular campaign of 1862, being engaged at Yorktown, Lee's Mills. Golden's Farm, Glendale, and Savage Station, where he was wounded. In September, 1862, during the Maryland campaign, he was in the battles of South Mountain and Antietam, being wounded again at the latter place. In October and November, 1862, on the march to Falmouth, Va., he commanded a division, and again in the Rappahannock campaign, December, 1862, to May, 1863. From 11 June, 1863, till 6 April, 1864, he commanded the department of the Monongahela, and in the operations before Richmond in 1864 was at the head of the 10th army corps, being engaged at Swift's Creek, Drury's Bluff, Bermuda Hundred, Cold Harbor, and Petersburg. His health failing on account of wounds and exposure, he resigned on 14 July, 1864, and in 1866 went to a farm in Huntsville, Ala., where he remained until his death.

BROOM, Jacob, statesman, b. in 1752; d. in Philadelphia in April, 1810. He was one of the delegates from Delaware to the convention that met in Philadelphia, 14 May, 1787, pursuant to a resolution of congress, to adopt a federal constitution. His signature appears among those who subscribed to the document, 17 Sept. He held many offices of pul)lic honor and trust.

'BROOM, Jacob, statesman, b. in Baltimore, Md., 25 July, 1808; d. in Washington, D. C, in November, 1864. After receiving a classical education he removed to Pennsylvania, and was appointed deputy auditor of the state in 1840. In 1849 he was appointed clerk of the orphans' court in Philadelphia. In politics he was what was then known as an American whig, and as such was elected to congress, serving from 3 March, 1855, till 3 March, 1857.

BROOM, James M., statesman, b. in Delaware in 1778. He was graduated at Princeton in 1794, and was a member of congress from Delaware from 2 Dec. 1805, till 3 March, 1807.

BROOME, John, merchant, b. in 1738; d. 8 Aug., 1810. He was a meml)er of the New York state constitutional convention of 1777 and lieutenant-governor of the state in 1804. During the whole of his public career he was prominent in New York, and was for many years at the head of some of the most important charitable and commercial institutions of the city. An important thoroughfare bears his name.

BROOME, John L., soldier, b. in New York city, 8 March, 1824. He was appointed second lieutenant in the U. S. marine corps, 12 Jan., 1848; promoted first lieutenant, 28 Sept., 1857; captain, 26 July, 1861 ; major, 8 Dec, 1864; and lieutenant-colonel, 16 March, 1879. During the war with Mexico he served with his corps. In 1862 he commanded the marine guard of the "Hartford," Farragut's flag-ship, and was present at the passage of Forts Jackson and St. Philip (24 April), and in the various engagements at Vicksburg and Port Hudson, which resulted in wresting the Mississippi river from the confederate forces. He was twice wounded during the war, and at its close received the brevets of major and lieutenant-colonel for gallant and meritorious services.

BROPHY, George R., clergyman, b. near Kilkenny, Ireland, in August, 1775; d. in Davenport, Iowa, 16 Oct., 1880. He was the son of an Irish patriot who, after the battle of Vinegar Hill in the rebellion of 1798, was captured and exe-