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330 rules of her order till 1689, two years before her death. The bishop of Quebec hesitated many years before he could determine on giving his final approbation; but he yielded at last, having become persuaded that Sister Bourgeois was a saint. For twenty years she had begged her sisters to elect another superioress in her place; her resignation was finally accepted in 1693, and for the rest of her life she performed the humblest ofiices in the convent she had founded.

BOURGET, Ignatius, Canadian bishop, b. in Point Levis, Quebec, 30 Oct., 1799; d. in Sault aux RecoUet, near Montreal, 8 June, 1885. He went to Montreal in 1821, and was ordained 9 Nov., 1822, by Bishop Lartique, first Roman Catholic bishop of that diocese. This prelate, struck by Bourget's abilities, appointed him his secretary. In 1836 he was named vicar-general of Montreal, and on 25 July, 1837, was created coadjutor bishop of the diocoso, lieing consecrated bishop of Telmessa, in partibus infidelium. He succeeded Mgr. Lartique as bishop of jMontreal on the latter's death in 1840, and in 1876 resigned, to become, on 10 July of that year, archbishop of Martianopolis, in partibus. A history of his work would be a record of the progress made by the French people in that part of Canada during the past fifty years. In 1838 he established the society for the propagation of the faith. He created in 1840 the first cathedral chapter of Montreal. The arch-confraternity of Mary Immaculate, a charitable association that has since spread over North America, was founded by him in 1844. Previous to this he had introduced the Jesuit and Oblate orders, and placed them in charge of colleges he had erected. He organized the first temperance society in Canada. In 1844 he established the asylum of providence for the aged, and also several houses of the ladies of charity; and in the same year he founded the community of nuns of "Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd," which has three houses in Montreal. In 1847 he founded four religious orders: the priests of the congregation of holy-cross, who have three colleges in Canada; the Josephist brothers; the clerks of St. Viateur; and the Marianist nuns, who direct several colleges and schools in Canada. A society for helping servant-girls, an asylum for Irish orphans, and the hospice of the holy child Jesus, for the education of the deaf and dumb, were among the charitable works that he originated between 1846 and 1850. In 1864 he erected another immense institution for the deaf and dumb in the rue St. Denis, and in 1874 founded the celebrated asylum of St. John of God, for the care of the insane. The same year witnessed the establishment through his agency of the Catholic union, and the school of medicine and surgery of Montreal, Archbishop Bourget was the recognized leader of the ultramontane party in Canada, and was a prolific writer, his best-known work, which is accepted as a standard, being "Le ceremoniae des eveques, commenté et explique, par le usages et les traditions de l'eglise Romaine."

BOURINOT, John George, Canadian author, b. in Sydney, Nova Scotia, 24 Oct., 1837. He was educated first by a tutor at Sydney, and subsequently at Trinity college, Toronto. After leaving college he became a journalist, subsequently studied law for a short time, and in 1860 established the Halifax "Reporter," of which he was chief editor for several years. From 1861 till the year of confederation, 1867, he was chief official reporter to the Nova Scotia assembly, and, after passing through various subordinate grades, he was appointed chief clerk of the dominion house of commons on 18 Dec, 1880. He has contributed largely to British and American periodicals, and has published "The Intellectual Development of the Canadian People" and "The Practice and Procedure of Parliament, with a Review of the Origin and Growth of Parliamentary Institutions in the Dominion of Canada." Mr. Bourinot is honorary secretary of the royal society of Canada, fellow of the statistical society of London, and honorary corresponding secretary of the royal colonial institute.

BOURLAMARQUE, M. de, French soldier, d. in July, 1764. He was governor of the island of Guadaloupe, and accompanied Montcalm to Canada in May, 1756, as colonel of engineers. He controlled the operations at the capture of Forts Oswego and George, where he was wounded, 14 Aug., 1756.. He directed the siege of Fort William Henry, commanded the left column, and risked his life to save the English from massacre after the capitulation. On 9 July, 1757, he commanded the left of the defences of Ticonderoga against the assault of Gen. Abercrombie, and was dangerously wounded. He was promoted to brigadier-general, 19 Feb., 1759, and was in command at Ticonderoga, which he blew up and abandoned in July, 1759. He then retired to Isle aux Noix, in Richelieu river, and distinguished himself, and was again wounded in the battle of Sillery, 28 April, 1760. He returned to France after the close of the war, and on 1 Aug., 1762, addressed a memoir on Canada to the French government.

BOURNE, Edward Emerson, jurist, b. in Kennebunk, Me., 19 March, 1797 ; d. there, 23 Sept., 1873. He was graduated at Bowdoin in 1816, and, after studying law at home and in Philadelphia, was admitted to the bar in 1819. He first practised his profession in Albion, but returned to Kennebunk, where, with the exception of a brief residence in York, he continued to the close of his life. He was first selectman of the town from 1828 till 1833, and represented it in the legislature from 1826 till 1831, when, dissatisfied with the policy of his party, he declined a renomination and "devoted himself to his profession, delivering an occasional lecture. He was state's attorney for York CO. in 1838 and 1841, and judge of the probate court from 1857 till 1872. He was also for several years president of the Maine historical society, and from 1866 till his death was a trustee of Bowdoin college, which gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1872. Judge Bourne was the father of Lizzie Bourne, whose death in an attempt to ascend Mount Washington with him on 14 Sept., 1855, has made her name familiar. Besides contributing to the transactions of the state historical society, and to various periodicals, he published an historical discourse, delivered at Bath, Me., on the 257th anniversary of the Topsham settlement, and wrote an extensive history of the towns of Wells and Kennebunk, which was published by his son (1875). See a sketch of his life by E. B. Smith in the "New England Historical and Genealogical Register" (vol. xxviii.).

BOURNE, George, author, b. in England about 1780 ; d. in New York city in 1845. He was educated in his native country, emigrated to the United States, and became a minister of the reformed Dutch church in 1833. He held no pastorate, but engaged in literary work in New York city. He was an ardent and learned controversialist, and wrote works on Romanism and slavery.

BOURNE, Nehemiah, British admiral, b. in London about 1611: d. there in 1691. He was a son of Robert Bourne, a Wapping shipwright. Ne-