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Rh his studio now is. He is a member of the New York water-color society, and of the London institute of water-colors. Among his best pictures are "The Stage Office" (1876); "The Evil Eye" (1877); "Lady in a Garden" (1878); "Rose in October" (1879); "The Widower" (1883); and "Reading the Bible" (1884). Notable among his illustrations are those to Robert Herrick's poems and "She Stoops to Conquer." In 1897 he abandoned book illustrations, turning his attention to successful oil-painting.

ABBEY, Henry, author, b. in Rondout, N. Y., 11 July, 1842. He was educated at Kingston academy and the Hudson river institute. His first book, "May Dreams," was published in New York in 1862. About this time he became assistant editor of the Rondout "Courier," and subsequently of the Orange "Spectator" (N. J.). "Ralph and other Poems" appeared in 1866, "Stories in Verse" in 1869, and "Ballads of Good Deeds" in 1872. A new edition of the last named appeared in England in 1876. "Poems by Henry Abbey" was published in 1879, embracing the greater part of the old selections and several new pieces. "The City of Success and other Poems " appeared in 1883, and a new and comprehensive edition of his more important poems was published in Kingston in 1886.

ABBEY, Richard, clergyman, b. in Genesee county, N. Y., 16 Nov., 1805; d. in Yazoo City, Miss., 23 Oct., 1891. In 1825 he removed to Natchez, Miss., and became a minister in the Methodist Episcopal church in 1844, and was identified with the movement separating that denomination into its northern and southern branches. He published "Letters to Bishop Green on Apostolic Succession" and "End of the Apostolic Succession" (1853); "Creed of All Men" (1855); "Ecclesiastical Constitution" (1856); "Church and Ministry" (1859); "Diuturnity" (1866); "Ecce Ecclesia," an answer to "Ecce Homo" (1868); "The City of God and the Church-Makers" (1872). In 1858 he was elected financial secretary of the Southern Methodist publishing house. His other works include "Baptismal Demonstrations." "Divine Assessment," "Strictures on Church Government," and "The Divine Call to the Ministry."

ABBOT, Abiel, clergyman, b. in Wilton, N. H., 14 Dec., 1765; d. in West Cambridge, Mass., 31 Jan., 1859. He was graduated at Harvard in 1787, taught in Phillips Andover academy until 1789, studied theology, and labored as a missionary in Maine. In 1794 he was tutor of Greek in Harvard. He was ordained minister of the church in Coventry, Conn., in 1795, from which he was dismissed in 1811, on account of his theological opinions. He taught the Dummer academy until 1819, and then cultivated a farm in North Andover until 1827, when he was installed as pastor of the church at Peterborough, N. H., where he remained until his retirement from the ministry in 1848. He published in 1811 an account of his difficulty with the Coventry congregation, in 1829 a "History of Andover," Massachusetts, and in 1847 the "Genealogy of the Abbot Family."

ABBOT, Abiel, clergvman, b. in Andover, Mass., 17 Aug., 1770; d. on Staten Island, N. Y., 7 June, 1828. He was graduated at Harvard in 1792, became the Congregational minister at Haverhill, Mass., in 1794, and in 1802 took charge of the church at Beverly. He wrote a volume of descriptive "Letters from Cuba" (Boston, 1829) while visiting that island for his health in 1827, and died of yellow fever on his return voyage. Dr. Abbot was an eloquent preacher. His sermons, accompanied by a memoir by Samuel Everett, were published in Boston in 1831.

ABBOT, Benjamin, educator, b. about 1762; d. in Exeter, N. H., 25 Oct., 1849. He was graduated at Harvard in 1788, received the degree of LL. D. from Dartmouth in 1811, and took charge of Phillips academy, Exeter, N. H., which he conducted until 1838. Among the pupils under his training were Daniel Webster, Edward Everett, Lewis Cass, Jared Sparks, George Bancroft, and John G. Palfrey.

ABBOT, Ezra, biblical critic, b. in Jackson, Maine, 28 April, 1819; d. in Cambridge, Mass., 21 March, 1884. It is said that he knew his letters at the age of nineteen months. When five years old he was promoted to the first class in reading, and at seven he expressed the great interest he felt in Rollin's "Ancient History." In the sports of childhood he manifested the keenest zest, was an expert at catching trout, and was an excellent story-teller. He studied at Phillips Exeter academy, was graduated at Bowdoin college in 1840, and soon afterward made his home in Cambridge, Mass. In 1856 he became assistant librarian at Harvard. He made a careful revision, and collation with the originals, of the numerous learned quotations in Jeremy Taylor's "Holy Living and Dying," and published a new edition (Boston, 1864). In 1869 he received the degree of LL. D. from Yale college, and in 1872 Harvard conferred on him the degree of D. D., although he was a layman. From 1872 till his death he was professor of New Testament criticism and interpretation in the Divinity school at Cambridge. He made important contributions, mostly in the department of biblical criticism, to periodicals. As a bibliographer his labors were very valuable, and he furnished a curious and extensive catalogue of books on the subject, which he prepared as an appendix to Alger's "Critical History of a Future Life," and an invaluable addition to the Prolegomena to the 8th edition of Tischendorf's Greek Testament. His most important work, as well as his latest, was a small volume on "The Authorship of the Fourth Gospel" (1880). Mr. Abbot was a Unitarian, and contributed largely to the periodicals of that denomination. He also furnished occasional papers for the "North American Review" and the "Journal of the American Oriental Society," and was a member of the American committee to revise the New Testament. He left a library of 5,000 volumes, containing many rare books, including a rich collection of Greek New Testaments of various editions. In accordance with his desire, this collection was added to the library of Harvard university. The remainder of his books was given to the library of the Divinity school connected with the university, on condition that "there shall be secured as soon as possible a more adequate and safe place of keeping." Among his works are "New Discussions of the Trinity" and "Literature of the Doctrine of a Future Life." He also edited Norton's "Statement of the Reasons for not Believing the Doctrines of the Trinitarians," Lamson's "Church of the First Three Centuries," and other controversial works, and contributed to