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202 tario, 3 Nov., 1859. He entered the university of Glasgow in November, 1819, and completed his theological studies at Edinburgh university. He removed to Canada about 1835, and was pastor of the Gait Presbyterian church at the time of his death. He was one of the leaders in the disruption from the church of Scotland in 1843, and in the formation of the free church of Canada. In July, 1846, he was appointed moderator of the synod that met at Hamilton. As a preacher he was singularly eloquent and effective. He was the author of a little book entitled "Was the Recent Disruption of the Synod of Canada in Connection with the Church of Scotland called for?" and also of an essay entitled "Is Man Responsible for his Belief?"

BAYNES, Edward, British soldier, d. in Sidmouth, England, 2 Feb., 1829. He was made ensign of the 82d regiment on 13 May, 1783, was aide-de-camp to Sir James Craig from 1794 till 1806, became adjutant-general of the forces in North America, 20 Aug., 1807, and was conspicuous in the campaign on the Niagara frontier in the war of 1812. He had served in the West Indies, at the capture of the Cape of Good Hope in 1795, at the capture of a Dutch force in Saldanha bay in September, 1796, in the East Indies, in Malta, and in Sicily.

BAZAINE, François Achille, French soldier, b. in Versailles, 13 Feb., 1811; d. in exile in Madrid, Spain, 23 Sept., 1888. He became lieutenant in Algeria in 1835, captain after two years' service with the foreign legion against the Carlists in Spain, lieutenant-colonel in 1848 after nine years' service in Algeria and Morocco, colonel of the foreign legion in 1850, and general of brigade in the Crimean war, acting as commander of Sebastopol after its capture. He became general of division in 1855, and participated in the capture of Kinburn. Subsequently he was military inspector in France. In the Italian campaign he was wounded, 8 June, 1859, while commanding a division in the attack upon Melegnano, and he took a conspicuous part in the battle of Solferino. In 1862 he commanded in Mexico the first division of the French army, and by defeating Comonfort compelled the surrender of Puebla, 18 May, 1863, shortly after which the French entered the capital. On 1 Oct., 1863, he succeeded Forey as commander-in-chief, acting as civil administrator of the occupied districts; and the rank of marshal was conferred on him in 1864. In February, 1865, he captured the town of Oaxaca, together with a Mexican army of 7,000 men under Diaz. Though he persuaded Maximilian to issue the most rigorous decrees against the Juarists, and himself relentlessly executed them, he was generally believed to be engaged in secret plottings with the enemies of the emperor, in pursuance of ambitious personal schemes. He married a rich Mexican lady, whose family espoused the cause of Juarez. In February, 1867, he withdrew with his forces from the capital, declaring Maximilian's position to be untenable, and soon afterward embarked at Vera Cruz. On his arrival in France, though exposed to violent public denunciations, he took his seat in the senate, and was appointed commander of the 3d army corps; and in October, 1869, after the death of St. Jean d'Angely, he became commander-in-chief of the imperial guard at Paris. At the beginning of the Franco-German war in 1870 he was placed in command, near Metz, of the 3d corps. After the defeats of Worth and Forbach he assumed, on 8 Aug., command of the mam French armies, in place of the Emperor Napoleon, and began his retreat from Metz, 14 Aug., hoping to effect

a junction with the army near Chalons and with the new forces gathering under MacMahon. But he was attacked on the same day, while still in front of the fortress, and after the bloody battles of Mars-la-Tour (16 Aug.) and Gravelotte (18 Aug.) was forced to retire within the fortifications, and was soon shut in by Prince Frederick Charles. He made several futile attempts to break through the investing army, that of 31 Aug. to 1 Sept. proving very disastrous. After the capitulation of Sedan he renewed these attempts (7, 8 Oct.) to escape from Metz, and then tried to negotiate with the Germans at Versailles through his adjutant, Gen. Boyer, and in the interest, it was thought, of the deposed dynasty; but he was compelled, on 27 Oct., to surrender to Prince Frederick Charles his entire force of 173,000 men, who by the terms of the capitulation all became prisoners of war, Bazaine himself being permitted to join the ex-emperor at Cassel. After the preliminary treaty of peace he removed to Geneva, in March, 1871. Having been charged with treason by Gambetta, he defended himself in his &ldquo;Rapport sommaire sur les opérations de l'armée du Rhin du 13 Août au 29 Octobre.&rdquo; He was placed under arrest 14 May, 1872, and at the conclusion of his trial, 10 Dec., 1873, the judges declared him guilty and unanimously sentenced him to degradation and death. But all the members of the court, presided over by the Duke d'Aurnale, signed an appeal for mercy, which the duke presented in person to President MacMahon, who commuted the sentence to twenty years seclusion. He was sent to a fortress in the island of Ste. Marguerite; but, through the efforts of his wife, he effected his escape at midnight, 9 Aug., 1874. He took refuge in Spain, where he ever after resided, in very reduced circumstances.

BAZIN, John Stephen, b. in France in 1796 ; d. in Vincennes in 1847. He was educated and ordained in France, and came to America about 1830. He was shortly afterward stationed at Mobile, Ala., where he gained the affection of all classes and creeds. He was appointed vicar-general of Mobile, and gave most of his time to the creation of charitable institiitions, one of which, a Catholic orphan asylum society, was especially successful. He visited France in 1846 for the purpose of obtaining a body of Jesuits to take charge of the college at Spring Hill, and also securing the services of the brothers of the Christian schools for a male orphan asylum, in both of which he succeeded. In 1847 the council of Baltimore recommended his appointment to the see of Vincennes, but he died a few days after his consecration.

BEACH, Abraham, clergyman, b. in Cheshire, Conn., 9 Sept., 1740 ; d. near New Brunswick, N. J., 14 Sept., 1828. He was graduated at Yale in 1757 with the honors of the valedictory, became a convert to the Episcopal faith, and studied theology under Dr. Samuel Johnson and his relative, John Beach. In 1767 he went to England, and there received ordination to the priesthood. He was appointed missionary to New Brunswick, and entered upon his work in September, 1767. During the revolutionary war his position between the two armies was exceedingly embarrassing. In consequence his church was closed, and he did not officiate until December, 1781, when, in accordance with the suggestions of the archbishop of Canterbury, it became permissible to conduct public worship with the omission of the prayers for the king and parliament. In 1784 he became the assistant minister of Trinity church in New York, and continued an active worker in the diocese of New York until 1813. He was on many occasions a delegate