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170 the government, and he has contributed to the proceedings and transactions of the scientific societies of which he is a member. He has made inventions of harvesters, both for corn and cotton, and also of means and appliances for the destruction of injurious insects. He also devised the Harvard book-rack, improved paper-file holders, and similar articles. Dr. Barnard has made several hundred plates and figures, some on stone, for the illustration of his papers.

BARNES, Albert, theologian, b, in Rome, N. Y., 1 Dec, 1798; d. in Philadelphia, 24 Dec, 1870. He was graduated at Hamilton college in 1820, studied theology at Princeton seminary, was li- censed to preach in 1823, and became pastor of the first Presbyterian church in Philadelphia in 1830, where he remained until 18G7, when poor health and partial blind- ness eaused him to resign. His annotations on various parts of the Scriptures, originally pre- pared as lectures to his congrega- tion, were pub- lished and at- tained a wide cir- culation, being adapted for the use of Sunday- schools. He was tried for heresy on account of certain passages in his commentary on the Epistle to the Romans, and was acquitted ; but was advised to alter the phraseology of his notes, which was accordingly done. He was a leader of the new-school Presby- terians, when, soon after his trial, a definitive rup- ture occurred in the denomination. Of Barnes's " Notes " more than 1,000,000 volumes were sold before the last revised edition, in six volumes, was issued (New York, 1872). His other writings were " Scriptural Views of Slavery " (Philadelphia, 1846) ; " The Way of Salvation " (1863) ; " Manual of Prayers"; "The Atonement"; "Claims of Episcopacy " ; " Church Manual " ; " Practical Ser- mons for Vacant Congregations and Families " ; " Closet Companion " (New York, 1854) ; " How shall Man be Just with Godr' (1855); "The Church and Slavery" (1856); "Miscellaneous Es- says and Reviews " (1855) ; " Way of Salvation Il- lustrated " (1856) ; " Inquiries and Suggestions in regard to the Foundation of Faith in the Word of God " ; " Life at Three Score " (1858) ; " The Atone- ment " ; " Lectures on the Evidences of Christian- ity in the Nineteenth Century " (1868) ; and "Pray- ers for Family Worship." The " Defence " that he made at his trial on charges of heresy has also been published (New York), and a report of the trial (Philadelphia). He published besides several vol- umes of sermons and a series of question-books for Sunday-schools. A collection of liis " Theological Works " was published in New York in 1875.

BARNES, Daniel Henry, educator, b. in Canaan, N, Y., 25 April, 1785 ; d. near Troy, N. Y., 27 Oct., 1828. He was graduated at Union with high honors in 1809. After devoting some time to the study of Hebrew he was called to take charge of the academy in Poughkeepsie, and during the same year united with the Baptist church. In 1813 he was licensed to preach, and in the following year became principal of an institution in Cincin- nati, Ohio, which was expected to become a col- lege. His health failed, and he returned to Schenec- tady and took charge of the classical school con- nected with Union college, where he remained for more than three years. Among his pupils were President Francis Wayland, Bishop Alonzo Pot- ter, and Dr. Erskine Mason. For a time he was professor of languages in the Baptist theological seminary. New York, and then he opened an Eng- lish and classical school in that city, with which he was eminently successful. In 1824 he was ap- pointed associate principal of the New Yoi'k high school for boys. He was chosen president of Waterville college. Me., and later (in 1827) of Co- lumbian college, Wasliington, D. C, both of which he declined. In addition to his attainments as a classical scholar and j)hilologist, he became eminent as a conchologist, as is showri by his papers in the " American Journal of Science and Arts." Of these, the most important are " Geological Section of the Canaan Mountain," " Memoir on the Genera Unio and Alasmodonta," " Five Species of Chiton," " Memoir on Bati-achian Animals and Doubtful Reptiles," " On Magnetic Polarity," and " Recla- mation of Unios." He also assisted Dr. Webster in the preparation of his dictionary. His death was the result of an accident.

BARNES, Demas, merchant, b. in Canandaigua, N. Y., 4 April, 1827: d. in New York city, 1 May, 1888. His education was acquired at the public schools until he was fifteen, when he Ijecame a clerk in a country store, and subsequently began busi- ness for himself. In 1849 he removed to New York city, where he followed the wholesale drug business, in which he made a large fortune. Mr. Barnes crossed the United States in a wagon, ex- amining the mineral resources of Colorado, Nevada, and California, and described his experiences in a series of letters to the newspapers. Later he was an active advocate of the building of the Union Pacific Railroad. In 1866 he was elected as a democrat to congress, and served from 4 March,. 1867, till 3 March. 1869. During his career in Washington he was a member of the committee on banking and currency, and education and labor, and secured legislation for the construction of the Brooklyn bridge, the New York post-office, and similai' important works. In 1870 he retired from mercantile business. He was a member of the Brooklyn Board of Education, one of the founders of the Brooklyn bridge, member of the art associa- tion, and director in various institutions. He es- tablished and edited the Brooklyn "Argus," a jour- nal devoted to the interests of municipal reform. Besides numerous contributions to the daily press,, he published "From the Atlantic to the Pacific" (New York, 1865).

BARNES, James, soldier, b. about 1809 ; d. in Springfield, Mass., 12 Feb., 1869. He was gradti- ated at West Point in 1829, standing fifth in his class. Among his classmates were Robert E. Lee, Joseph E. Johnston, 0. McKnio^ht Mitchell, Thomas^ Swords, and a dozen others distinguished in after- life. He remained in the army seven years, ad- vancing to the rank of first lieutenant of the 4th artillery, when he resigned and became a railroad engineer and superintendent on the West- ern railroad of Massachusetts from 1836 to 1848, and chief engineer of the Seaboard and Roanoke- railroad from 1848 to 1852. He also constructed,, either wholly or in part, the Rome and Watertown, the Sackett's Harbor and Ellisburg, the Buffalo, Corning, and New York, the Terre Haute, Alton-