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90 Pulaski's. In 1781, becoming dissatisfied with the promotions in the army, and seeing no chance of advancement, he returned to France, procured clothing and accoutrements from his own means, and crossed the Atlantic again in time to participate in the victory at Yorktown. March 26, 1783, congress conferred on him the rank of brigadier-general. He was very severe in his denunciation of Gen. Gates on account of the defeat at Camden. In 1783 he returned to France and became an actor in the French revolution, taking part with the royalists of La Vendee. Five years later he was appointed one of twelve deputies sent to Paris by Brittany to demand the preservation of the privileges of that province, and in 1791 became the leader of a secret organization whose ramifications extended throughout Brittany, Anjou, and Poitou, its purpose being to act with the army of the allies. But the design was betrayed, and he became a fugitive. From various retreats he directed for several months the preparations for revolt, but the execution of Louis XVI. gave his system such a shock that he rapidly sank under a nervous malady. He was urbane and polished in manner, an eloquent and persuasive speaker, a gallant leader, and a man greatly beloved.

ARMENDARIZ, Lope Diaz de (arr-men-dah-reeth), marquis of Caldereita, 16th Spanish viceroy of Mexico. His administration began 16 Sept., 1635. He promoted public works and organized a special fleet to check smuggling. After founding the colony of Caldereita in Nuevo Leon, he projected other settlements, but was recalled to Spain.

ARMISTEAD, George, soldier, b. in Newmarket. Va., 10 April, 1780; d. in Baltimore, 25 April, 1818. The name is derived from Hesse Darmstadt, whence came the ancestor of the family. Five brothers took part in the war of 1812—three in the regular army, and two in the militia. George was appointed second lieutenant 8 Jan., 1779, promoted first lieutenant in April, captain 6 Nov., 1806, and major of the 3d artillery 3 March, 1813. He distinguished himself at the capture of Fort George from the British, near the mouth of Niagara river in Canada, 27 May, 1813, and was brevetted lieutenant-colonel for his successful defence of Fort McHenry, near Baltimore, against the British fleet, under Admiral Cochrane, 14 Sept., 1814. His steadfast bravery on this occasion no doubt saved Baltimore from capture, and the citizens presented him with a handsome service of silver, the centrepiece being in the form of a bomb-shell.

ARMISTEAD, Lewis Addison, soldier, b. in Newbern, N. C, 18 Feb., 1817; d. at Gettysburg, Pa., 3 July, 1863. He was a son of Gen. Walker Keith Annistead. He entered West Point in 1834, but left it in 1836. He was appointed second lieutenant in the 6th infantry 10 July, 1839, became first lieutenant in March, 1844, and received brevets for gallantry at Contreras, Churubusco, Molino del Rey, and. Chapultepee in 1847, Promoted to be captain 3 March, 1855, he rendered good service in Indian warfare, but resigned at the beginning of the civil war, and with much reluctance entered the confederate service, receiving a brigadier-general's commission in 1862. He was wounded at Antietam, 17 Sept. of that year. At Gettysburg he was one of the few in Pickett's division who nearly reached the federal lines in the desperate charge made on the third day, was mortally wounded, and died a prisoner.

ARMISTEAD, Walker Keith, soldier, brother of George, b. in Virginia about 1785 ; d. in Upperville, Va., 13 Oct., 1845. Ilis name stands third on the consecutively numbered list of West Point graduates, and at the head of the class of 1803, the second class that was graduated. This of itself was no especial distinction, since there were only three men in the class, but Armistead proved himself an excellent engineer, and superintended the defences of Norfolk, Va., in 1808-11. At this time he ranked as captain, and was promoted to be major of engineers 10 July, 1810. In 1811 he was on duty ai, the military academy. During the war of 1812 he was chief engineer, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel of the army on the Niagara frontier. He was superintendent of the defences of Norfolk and the Chesapeake in 1813-'18, when he was promoted to be colonel of engineers and chief engineer of the army, Nov. 18. In the reorganization of the army, 1 June, 1821, he became colonel of the 3d artillery, and, remaining in that grade for ten years, was brevetted brigadier. He served in the Florida war, and was appointed on various important boards and commissions, and in command of the 3d artillery at Fort Moultrie, S. C, in 1844, when he was granted sick leave, from which he was never able to return to duty.

ARMITAGE, Thomas, clergyman, b. in Pontefract, England, 2 Aug., 1819; d. in Yonkers, N. Y., 20 Jan., 1896. Coming to New York in 1838, he entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal church. In 1848 he embraced the doctrine of the Baptist church, and as a pastor in New York attained prominence as one of the leading writers and pulpit orators of that denomination. He interested himself in the movement for Bible revision, especially in regard to what he believed to be the correct translation of the Greek word for baptism, and was one of the founders in 1850 of the American Bible Union, of which society he afterward became president. After 1848 he was the pastor of the Fifth avenue Baptist church. New York city. He published "Lectures on Preaching, its Ideal and Inner Life" (Philadelphia, 1880), and '"A History of the Baptists " (New York, 1886).

ARMITAGE, William Edmond, bishop of the Protestant Episcopal diocese of Wisconsin, b. in New York city, 6 Sept., 1830 ; d. in St. Luke's Hospital, New York, 7 Dec, 1873. He was graduated at Columbia college in 1849, studied in the General Theological Seminary, was ordained in 1852, spent seven years of his ministry in New Hampshire and Augusta, Me., then became rector of St. John's church, Detroit. In 1866 he went to the Holy Land, and during his absence was elected assistant bishop of Wisconsin, receiving consecration to the office 6 Dec, 1866, soon after his return. He took up his residence in Milwaukee, and began the necessary steps for the founding of a cathedral chapter. The death of the venerable Bishop Kemper in May, 1870, caused his elevation to the vacant see. A tumor at the base of the spinal column gave him much suffering during the latter years of his life, and in 1873 he went to St. Luke's hospital. New York, for relief. An examination by eminent surgeons caused them to inform him that it was impossible for him to survive more than a week without an operation, and at the same time they told him that if it should prove unsuccessful, his system would receive such a shock that he would not probably live more than a few hours. The operation was performed on Friday, and he lived till 3 A. M. of Sunday.

ARMSBY, James Harris, physician, b. in Sutton, Mass., 31 Dec, 1809; d. in Albany, N. Y., 3 Dec., 1875. His early years were spent on his father's farm and in the common school, with a short time in the Worcester and Monson academies. He studied with Dr. Alden March in Albany, and was