Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 1).djvu/107

Rh Prof. Appleton has written a series of chemical text-books that have had an extensive sale. They are &ldquo;The Young Chemist&rdquo; (Philadelphia, 1878); &ldquo;Qualitative Analysis&rdquo; (1878); &ldquo;Quantitative Analysis&rdquo; (1881); and &ldquo;Chemistry of Non-Metals&rdquo; (Providence, 1884).

APPLETON, John James, diplomatist, b. in France about 1789; d. in Rennes, France, 4 March, 1864. His father was John Appleton, some time U. S. consul at Calais. John James studied at Phillips Andover academy, and was graduated at Harvard in 1813. During President Monroe's administration he was appointed secretary of legation at Brazil, and afterward chargé d'affaires for the United States at Madrid and at Stockholm. At the latter post he negotiated the commercial treaty that still serves as the basis of intercourse between the United States and Sweden. He also served as a diplomatic representative of the United States at Naples. Inheriting from his father a valuable estate in France, he spent the greater part of his life there, making only occasional visits to America.

APPLETON, Nathaniel, clergyman, b. in Ipswich, Mass., 9 Dec., 1693; d. in Cambridge, Mass., 9 Feb., 1784. He was educated at Harvard, taking his degree in 1712, studied theology, and was ordained 9 Oct., 1717, succeeding Mr. Brattle as Congregational minister. From 1717 to 1779 he was one of the corporation of Harvard university. He published sermons and occasional discourses.

APPLETON, Samuel, merchant, b. in New Ipswich, N. H., 22 June, 1766; d. in Boston, 12 July, 1853. His youth was spent on a farm and in teaching. For a time he kept a store in Ipswich, but he removed to Boston in 1794 and went into the importing business in partnership with his brother Nathan. He also established cotton mills at Waltham and Lowell. After 1799 he passed much of his time abroad, until he retired from business in 1823. He was at this time literally a merchant prince, and, with true nobility of character, devoted a large part of his income to charitable purposes. He made it a rule to spend annually his whole income, and to this end often placed large sums for distribution in the hands of those who were likely to meet cases of destitution. At his death the sum of $200,000 was distributed among charities. See memoir, by I. A. Jewett (Boston, 1850). &mdash; His brother, Nathan, merchant, b. in New Ipswich, N. H., 6 Oct., 1779; d. in Boston, 14 July, 1861. He entered Dartmouth college in 1794, but soon left to engage in business with Samuel in Boston. When he became of age he was admitted into partnership, and the firm was known as S. &amp; N. Appleton. In 1813 he was associated with Francis C. Lowell, Patrick T. Jackson, Paul Moody, and others, in establishing the Waltham cotton manufactory, in which the first power loom ever used in the United States was set up. This proving successful, he and others purchased the water-power at Pawtucket Falls, and he was one of the founders of the Merrimac Manufacturing Company. The settlement that grew around these factories developed into the city of Lowell, of which in 1821 Mr. Appleton was one of the three founders. He was also the projector and chief proprietor of the Hamilton Company. He was elected to the state legislature in 1815, served during several terms, and was elected to congress in 1830 and again in 1842. He was the author of several speeches and essays on currency, banking, and the tariff, of which his &ldquo;Remarks on Currency and Banking&rdquo; (enlarged ed., 1858) is the most celebrated. An account of the

introduction of the power loom and of the origin of Lowell was published by him. He was a member of the Academy of Science and Arts, and of the Massachusetts Historical Society. He accumulated great wealth, and was noted for his benevolence. A memoir of his life has been written by Robert C. Winthrop of Boston.

APPLETON, Thomas Gold, author, b. in Boston, Mass., 31 March, 1812; d. in New York, 17 April, 1884. His early training was received at the Boston Latin school, where he was prepared to enter Harvard in the class of 1831. Among his classmates were J. L. Motley, Wendell Phillips, and other distinguished men. Mr. Appleton spent much of his time abroad. He was a liberal patron of the fine arts, and gave efficient aid to various institutions, including the public library, the institute of technology, and the museums at Boston and Cambridge. He was an amateur painter of superior merit, and his water-color sketches of scenes on the river Nile are exceptionally good. He was the author of several books in prose and verse. In poetry his &ldquo;Faded Leaves&rdquo; was well received by the reading public. In prose he published his &ldquo;Nile Journal&rdquo; (Boston, 1876), &ldquo;Syrian Sunshine&rdquo; (1877), &ldquo;Windfalls,&rdquo; and other works. He was the founder of the Boston literary club, was highly esteemed for his genial temper and courteous manners, and was looked upon by those who knew him as unrivalled for wit and humor. A volume of his &ldquo;Life and Letters,&rdquo; prepared by Susan Hale, was published in New York in 1885.

APPLETON, William, merchant, b. in Brookfield, Mass., 16 Nov., 1786; d. in Longwood, near Boston, 20 Feb., 1862. He was a son of the Rev. Joseph Appleton, of Brookfield, received an academical education, and at the age of fifteen became a clerk in a country store at Temple. In 1807 he went to Boston, where for over fifty years he was a successful merchant, giving also much attention to banking and financial operations. He was president of the U. S. branch bank from 1832 to 1836, and was also president of the provident institution for savings and the Massachusetts general hospital. He gave $30,000 to the last-named institution, and was noted for his benevolence. He was elected as a whig to congress, serving from 1851 to 1855, and again was a member in the special session from 4 July to 6 Aug., 1861, after which he resigned.

APPLING, Daniel, soldier, b. in Columbia co., Ga., 25 Aug., 1787; d. at Fort Montgomery, Ala., 18 March, 1817. He entered the army as lieutenant in 1808. On 19 May, 1814, being then a major, he commanded a detachment of 130 rifiemen on board a flotilla bearing cannon and naval stores from Oswego, N. Y., to the unfinished ship "Superior" at Sackett's Harbor, then blockaded by the British. Finding it impossible to run the blockade, Woolsey, the commander of the flotilla, landed the stores by night at Sandy creek. Here