Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1892, volume 3).djvu/91

Rh year he returned to South Carolina, and was chosen a member of the legislature. He was surveyor- general in 1825, and secretary of state from 1831 till 1835, when he retired from public life.

HAMMOND, William Alexander, physician, b. in Annapolis, Md., 28 Aug., 1828. He was graduated at the medical department of the Uni- versity of the city of New York, and entered the U. S. army in 1849 as assistant surgeon, with the rank of 1st lieutenant. In October, 1860, he resigned to accept the professorship of anatomy and phy- siology in the Uni- versity of Maryland, but at the begin- ning of the civil war he again entered the army and was assigned to the organization of general hospitals in Hagerstown, Frederick, and Baltimore. Afterward the U. S. sanitary commission urged his appointment as surgeon-general of the army, and in April, 1862, he received this commission with the rank of brigadier-general. He instituted radical changes in the management of his office, established the army medical museum by special order, and suggested the plan of the " Medical and Surgical History of the Rebellion." Charges of irregularities in the award of liquor contracts were made against him, and he was tried by court-martial, and dismissed from the army in August, 1864. He at once removed to New York, where he settled in the practice of his profession, and made a specialty of diseases of the nervous system. In 1867-'73 he was professor of diseases of the mind and nervous system in Bellevue hos- pital medical college, and then was elected to a similar chair in the medical department of the University of the city of New York. He remained there until 1882, when he became one of the found- ers of the New York post-graduate medical school, and has since delivered lectures on his specialty in that institution. Dr. Hammond has also delivered lectures in the medical department of the Univer- sity of Vermont, and in 1870 became physician at the New York state hospital for diseases of the nervous system. In 1878 a bill was submitted to congress authorizing the president to review the proceedings of the court-martial, and, if justice demanded, to reinstate Dr. Hammond. This measure was passed by the house unanimously, and by the senate with but one dissenting vote. In August, 1879, it was approved by the president, and Dr. Hammond was restored to his place on the rolls of the army as surgeon-general and briga- dier-general on the retired list. Besides contrib- uting to current medical literature, he founded' and edited the " Maryland and Virginia Medical Journal," was one of the originators of the " New York Medical Journal," and established the " Quar- terly Journal of Psychological Medicine and Medi- cal Jurisprudence," becoming its editor. His medi- cal works in book -form include "Physiological Memoirs" (Philadelphia, 1863); "A Treatise on Hygiene, with Special Reference to the Military Service" (1863); "Lectures on Venereal Diseases" (1864); "On Wakefulness, with an Introductory Chapter on the Physiology of Sleep " (1865) ; " On Sleep and its Derangements" (1869); "Insanity and its Medico - Legal Relations " (New York, 1866) ; " Physics and Physiology of Spiritualism " (1870) ; " Diseases of the Nervous Svstem," which has been translated into French and Italian (1871) ; " Insanity in its Relation to Crime " (1873) ; " Lec- tures on Diseases of the Nervous Svstem," edit- ed by T. M. B. Cross (1874) ; " Spiritualism and Allied Causes and Conditions of Nervous Derange- ment " (1876 ; reissued as " Certain Forms of Ner- vous Derangement," 1880) ; " Treatise on Insanity in its Medical Relations " (1883) ; and " On Sexual Impotence in the Male " (1883). He has also edited " Military. Medical, and Surgical Essays," prepared for the U. S. sanitary commission (Philadelphia, 1864), and translated from the German, Meyer's " Electricity in its Relations to Practical Medicine " (New York, 1869 ; new ed., 1874). Dr. Hammond is the author of various novels, including " Robert Severne ; his Friend and Enemies " (Philadelphia, 1867); "Lai" (New York, 1884); "Dr. Grattan" (1884) ; " Mr. Oldmixon " (1885) ; " A Strong-Mind- ed Woman, or Two Years After " (1886) ; and " On the Susquehanna " (1887).

HAMOND, Sir Andrew Snape, British naval officer, b. in Blackheath, England, 17 Dec, 1738; d. near Lynn, Norfolk, England, 12 Oct., 1828. He entered the British navy in 1753, served under Lord Howe, and became a post -captain in 1780. At the beginning of the Revolutionary war he joined the " Roebuck," a forty-four gun ship, was pres- ent at the occupation of New York, and destroyed the " Delaware " frigate and other vessels engaged in obstructing the Delaware river. He took part in the unsuccessful attack on Mud island in October, 1777, as also in the successful one in November of that year. He was knighted in 1778, acted as captain of the fleet at the reduction of Charles- ton, S. C. in 1780, and late in the year was ap- pointed lieutenant-governor and commander-in- chief of Nova Scotia. He returned to England in 1783, was made a baronet on 18 Dec, of that year, became a comptroller in the navy in 1794, and retired in 1806 with a pension.

HAMPTON, Wade, soldier, b. in South Carolina in 1754 ; d. in Columbia, S. C, 4 Feb., 1835. He served with distinction in the Revolution under Marion and Sumter, and after the war was in congress in 1795-'7. He was a presidential elector in 1801, and in 1803-5 served again in congress, having been elected as a Democrat. He was made a colonel in the U. S. army in 1808, placed in command of one of the regiments that had been raised in apprehension of war with England, and in February, 1809, was promoted to brigadier-general, and stationed at New Orleans. In consequence of continual disagreements with his subordinates he was superseded by Gen. James Wilkinson in 1812, and during the war with England commanded a force on the northern frontier, having been given a major-general's commission on 2 March, 1813. On 26 Oct., 1813, at Chateaugay, he attacked Sir George Prevost, who repelled him with an inferior force. He afterward frustrated the attempt on Montreal by his unwillingness to co-operate with his old rival, Gen. Wilkinson. He resigned his commission on 6 April, 1814, and returned to South Carolina. He acquired a large fortune by land speculations, and at his death was supposed to be the wealthiest planter in the United States, owning 3,000 slaves. Gen. Hampton was a fair example of the old-fashioned slave-holding oligarchs, being of a high, proud, stern, and inflexible character, and ably administering his large estate.— His son, Wade, b. 21 April, 1791 ; d. on a