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734 collection of insects, to which his leisure thence- forward was devoted. He removed to Utica in 1860, and then engaged in the manufacture of woollen goods until 1867, when he became the zoo- logical assistant in the New York state museum of natural history in Albany. This office he held for the ensuing twelve years, during which time his attention was largely devoted to entomological re- search, and several papers in this department of science were prepared by him, and published in the annual reports of the museum and elsewhere. In 1881 he became state entomologist, and in 1883 was placed on the scientific staff of the museum. He received the honorary degree of Ph. D. from the regents of the University of the state of New York in 1884, and, in addition to membership in about twenty scientific associations in the United States and Europe, has held the presidency of the depart- ment of natural science in the Albany institute since 1879. His scientific papers down to July, 1887, number 413. Officially he has published " Re- port on the Injurious and other Insects of the State of New York " (2 vols., 1883-5) ; also " Re- port of the State Entomologist " (1883 et seq.).

LINTON, William James, engraver, b. in Lon- don, England, in 1812. He studied under George W. Bonner, an English engraver, quickly estab- lished a reputation as a draughtsman on wood, and, though painting occasionally in water-colors, is best known as an engraver. He became a part- ner of Orrin Smith in 1842, and was engaged on the " London Illustrated News," in 1848 he was deputed to carry to the French provisional govern- ment the first congratulatory address from Eng- lish workmen. In 1851, with others, he found- ed the " London Leader," and he was a manager of " Pen and Pencil " in 1855. He removed to the United States in 1867, settling first in New York and subsequently in New Haven, where he opened a large engraving establishment. He is a member of the American society of painters in water-colors, and an associate of the National academy of design. His work includes his illus- trations in the " History of Wood Engraving " for the " Illustrated London News " (1846-7) ; in " Works of Deceased British Painters " for the " London Art Union " (1860) ; in Dr. Josiah G. Holland's " Katrina " (New York, 1869); in Will- iam Cullen Bryant's " Flood of Years " (1878), and " Thanatopsis " (1878). His literary works in- clude " Claribel and other Poems " (London, 1865) ; " The Flower and the Star " (Boston, 1878), which he also illustrated and engraved ; " Some Practical Hints on Wood Engraving " (1879) ; " A Manual of Wood Engraving " (1887) ; edited " Rare Poems of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries " (1882); and, with Richard H. Stoddard, " English Verse " (5 vols., New York, 1883).— His wife, Eliza Lynn, author, b. in Keswick, England, in 1822, is the daughter of a clergyman. Since the appearance of her first novel, " Azeth, the Egyptian " (Lon- don, 1846), she has been connected with the press. She married Mr. Linton in 1858. She has recent- ly acknowledged the authorship of a series of pa- pers entitled " The Girl of the Period " that ap- peared anonymously in the " Saturday Review," and were collected in book-form (London, 1883), and of most of the papers on the woman ques- tion that have been published in that journal. Her other works include " Witch Stories " (1861) ; " The Lake Country," illustrated by her husband (1864) ; " The True History of Joshua Davidson " (1872); "Patricia Kemball" (1874); "The World Well Lost" (1877): "My Love" (1881); and the " Autobiography of Christopher Kirkland " (1885).

LIPPARD, George, author, b. near Yellow Springs, Pa., 10 April, 1822; d. in Philadelphia, Pa., 9 Feb., 1854. He began to study law at fifteen years of age, but was never admitted to the bar. His sensational novels evince vigor and im- agination, but have few other recommendations. He founded the Brotherhood of the Union, a se- cret charitable and benevolent institution, and wrote for it a ritual. Previous to the civil war this order was one of the strongest in the country. Lippard is described as a brilliant but erratic genius. He was passionately fond * country life, and, living with an aunt near Germantown, roamed along the banks of the romantic Wissahickon and wrote much about it. With a strange fancy, he was married at sunrise on the banks of this stream. He was regarded as an eloquent speak- er. His romances include "The Ladye Anna- bel" (Philadelphia, 1842); "The Belle of Prarie Eden" (1844); "Legends of Mexico" (1847); " Legends of the Revolution " (1847) ; " Blanche of Brandywine " ; " The Nazarene " ; " New York — its Upper Ten, and Lower Million " ; " The Quaker City " ; " Paul Ardenheim, or the Monk of Wissa- hickon " ; " Herbert Tracy " ; " Adonai " ; and " Me- moirs of a Preacher." See his life, with selected writings (Philadelphia, 1855). In addition to the novels he published " Washington and his Gener- als " and edited the " White Banner Quarterly."

LIPPINCOTT, James Starr, agriculturist, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 12 April, 1819; d. in Haddon- field, N. J., 17 March, 1885. He was educated at Haverford college, and resided for many years in Haddenfield, N. J., where he paid much attention to scientific agriculture and meteorology. He patented a " vapor index," for measuring the amount of moisture in the atmosphere, which has been used in the Smithsonian institution and else- where. He was the author of six treatises, pub- lished in the " Reports of the Agricultural Depart- ment " (Washington, 1862-'7), and numerous papers on horticulture in the " Gardener's Monthly " ; compiled a " Catalogue of the Books belonging to the Library of the Four Monthly Meetings of Friends of Philadelphia" (Philadelphia, 1853); and edited the American revision of " Chambers's Encyclopaedia " (1870-'l). For many years before his death he had been engaged on a history of " The Lippincotts of England and America," which is now (1887) in press.

LIPPINCOTT, Joshua Ballinger, publisher, b. in Juliustown, N. J., in 1816 ; d. in Philadelphia, Pa., 5 Jan., 1886. He was of Quaker parentage, and after receiving a common - school edu- cation went to Phila- delphia, where he was employed in a book- store, and two years later, when eighteen years old, was put in charge of the business. In 1836 he founded the publishing-house of J. B. Lippincott and Co., and in 1850, by the purchase of the entire stock of the house of Grigg and Elliott, he placed his firm at the head of the book - trade in Philadelphia. He established " Lippincott's Magazine " in 1868, the "Medical Times" a few years later, and in 1875 a