Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1892, volume 3).djvu/746

708 LEWIS, Zachariah, scholar, b. in Wilton, Conn., 1 Jan., 1773 ; d. in Brooklyn, N. Y., 14 Nov., 1840. His father, Isaac, was a Congregational cler- gyman. Zachariah was graduated at Yale in 1794, was tutor there in 1796-'9, studied theology in Philadelphia under Rev. Ashbel Green, and at the same time was tutor in Gen. Washington's family. He was licensed to preach, but delicate health pre- vented his accepting a charge, and in 1803 he be- came editor of the New York " Commercial Adver- tiser " and of the New York " Spectator," continu- ing in this employment till 1820, when he began the publication of the " American Missionary Reg- ister." In 1814-'20 he was corresponding secretary of the New York religious tract society, out of which grew some years afterward the American tract society. At the latter date he took charge of the domestic correspondence of the United for- eign missionary society, continuing in this office till 1825. About this date he retired from active pursuits and devoted his time and means to chari- table objects. He published an oration before the Connecticut Society. of the Cincinnati in 1799 ; "Remarks on a Subterranean Wall in North Caro- lina " (Philadelphia, 1800); and the "Annual Re- ports of the New York Religious Tract Society from 1815 till 1820" (New York, 1815-'20).— His twin-brother, Isaac, d. in New York city, 23 Sept., 1854, became an eminent clergyman of the Presby- terian church, and was the author of numerous popular tracts, sermons, and addresses. Delaware college gave him the degree of D. D. in 1844.

LEYBURN, John, clergyman, b. in Lexington, Va., 25 April, 1814. He was graduated at Wash- ington college, Lexington, and at Princeton in 1833, and studied theology at Union theological seminary, Va., and at Columbia, S. C. He then organized a Presbyterian church in Gainesville, Ala., and after remaining there two years went to Petersburg, Va., where he served nine years, dur- ing which time a new church was erected. He then removed to Philadelphia, being appointed secretary of the Presbyterian board of publication, changing the character of its publications and enlarging its operations. In 1847 he became half owner and chief editor of the Philadelphia " Presbyterian." At the opening of the civil war he went to the south, and was secretary of the board of publica- tion of the southern Presbyterian church. After the war he settled in Baltimore, where he was pas- tor for twenty years of an independent Presby- terian church, of which he is now (1887) pastor emeritus. He has travelled widely in Europe and in oriental lands, and has contributed accounts of his travels to the "New York Observer" and to " The Presbyterian." Hampden Sidney gave him the degree of D. D. in 1849. In addition to numer- ous pamphlets, editorials, and reviews, he is the au- thor of " The Soldier of the Cross " (New York, 1851 ; Edinburgh, 1853). He has just completed " Hints to Young Men from the Parable of the Prodigal Son," and has now (1887) in manuscript " Lectures on the Journeyings of the Children of Israel, from the Land of Bondage to the Land of Promise," illustrated from his travels.

LEYDT, Johannes, clergyman, b. in Holland in 1718 ; d. in New Brunswick, N. J., in 1783. He emigrated to this country early in life with an elder brother, settling in Dutchess county, near Fishkill, N. Y., and, after studying theology, was licensed in 1748, and he became pastor of the united churches of New Brunswick and Six Mile Run, N. J., which charges he held until his death. In the conflict between the Coetus and the Confer- entie he was actively identified with the former party, which insisted upon the education of minis- ters in this country and upon an independent church organization separate from the Reformed church of the mother-country. During the Revo- lution he was a firm patriot, preaching boldly upon the questions of the time, arousing much enthusi- asm and advising the young men to join the army of freedom. He was active in the founding of Queens (now Rutgers) college in 1770, and was one of its trustees. His publications are " True Liberty the Way to Peace" (Philadelphia, 1760) and "A Defence of True Liberty the Way to Peace" (1762). Several pamphlets on the church question men- tioned above, with replies by Johannes Ritzema, and a letter of the synod of North Holland in 1765 condemning the Coetus, were collected in a vol- ume, and are in the Sage library in New Bruns- wick. They have been translated by Rev. Maurice G. Hansen, of Coxsackie, and are now (1887) pre- pared for publication.

LEYPOLDT, Frederick, bibliographer, b. in Stuttgart, Germany, 17 Nov., 1835; d. in New York city, 31 March, 1884. He had an early liking for the drama and books, and when a boy wrote a play, which he offered unsuccessfully to German managers. He left school in 1851, and in 1854, making his way to the United States, entered the service of a bookseller in New York. In 1859 he established himself in business, opening a bookstore and reading-room in Philadelphia, and in 1863 he began to publish, first translations of foreign books, and afterward foreign text-books with English notes. In January, 1866, with Henry Holt, he established the firm of Leypoldt and Holt; but in 1868, though the firm-name continued much longer, he determined to devote himself personally to bibliographical work. The monthly &ldquo;Literary Bulletin,&rdquo; his first periodical, which he established in 1868, became in 1870 the &ldquo;Trade Circular&rdquo;; in January, 1872, it absorbed George W. Childs's &ldquo;Publishers' Circular,&rdquo; and was issued weekly, and in 1873 it became the &ldquo;Publishers' Weekly.&rdquo; Mr. Leypoldt published an &ldquo;American Catalogue&rdquo; for 1869, and in 1876 he began work on the American catalogue proper, which was completed in 1880. His &ldquo;Publishers' Uniform Trade-List Annual&rdquo; was begun in 1873, the &ldquo;Literary News&rdquo; in 1875, the &ldquo;Library Journal&rdquo; in 1876, and the &ldquo;Index Medicus,&rdquo; a monthly medical bibliography, in 1880. He was among the founders of the American book-trade union in 1875, and of the American library association in 1876. Under the anagram of &ldquo;F. Pylodet&rdquo; he edited a successful series of French text-books, and he wrote also some German verse and some translations into German.

LHERMINIER, Felix Louis (lair'-meen'-yay'), French naturalist, b. in Paris, 18 May, 1779; d. there in October, 1833. After studying under the ablest professors of chemistry and natural history in Paris, he went to the island of Guadeloupe in 1795, where he devoted himself to his favorite sciences, making a thorough investigation of the varieties of plants and of the mineral and entomological productions of the country. He was compelled to leave Guadeloupe in consequence of the troubles that ensued on the change of government in 1815, came to South Carolina, and afterward went to the island of St. Bartholomew. When peace was restored he resumed his scientific pursuits in Guadeloupe till 1829, when he returned to France. His works are " Recherches sur l'appareil sternal des oiseaux, considere sous le double rapport de l'osteologie et la myologie, suivies d'un essai sur la distribution de cette classe de vertebres " (Paris, 1827) ; " Memoire sur le guacharo de la caverne de