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614 "Jurist." For several years he was also one of the chief writers for " Hunt's Merchants' Magazine." Failing health compelling him to give up all lit- erary work, he retired to his native town, where he resided until his death. — Charles James's son, Charles, b. in Monroe, Mich., 14 June, 1819, re- ceived an academical education, and had been ten years in a busi- ness-house in New York city when he returned to Michigan, and in 1845 took charge of the " Monroe Gazette." The following year he was associate ed- itor of the Cincin- nati " Chronicle," and in 1847 was an assistant on the New York " Ex- press." In 1849 ne was librarian of the war de- partment at Wash- ington, in 1850 librarian of copyrights and private secretary of Daniel Webster (at whose request he resigned his official employment), in 1853 examiner of deposi- taries for the southern states, in 1855-7 librarian and head of the returns office in the interior de- partment, in 1866 librarian of the house of rep- resentatives, and from 1871 till 1882 secretary to the Japanese legation. He studied painting with Asher B. Durand, and, although only an amateur, was elected an associate of the National academy of design in 1846, and has frequently exhibited paintings and sketches from nature in oil. Among his pictures are " Brookside and Homestead," " Home in the Woods " (1881), and "Frontier Home" (1884). He has contributed frequently to English and American journals, and was one of the first to describe in book-form the scenery of the river Saguenay and of the mountains of North Carolina, being called by Washington Irving "the picturesque explorer of the United States." Among Mr. Lanman's published works are "Essays for Summer Hours" (Boston, 1842); "Letters from a Landscape-Painter" (1845); "A Summer in the Wilderness " (New York, 1847) ; "A Tour to the River Saguenay" (Philadelphia and London, 1848) ; "Letters from the Alleghany Mountains" (New York, 1849); " Haw-ho-noo, or Records of a Tourist" (Philadelphia, 1850); "Private Life of Daniel Webster" (New York and London, 1852) ; " Adventures in the Wilds of America" (2 vols., Philadelphia, 1856; London, 1859) ; " Dictionary of Congress " (Philadelphia, 1858 ; Washington, published by order of congress, 3 eds., 1862-'4; Hartford, 2 eds.. 1868-'9) ; "Life of William Woodbridge " (Washington, 1867); "Red Book of Michigan" (Detroit, 1871); "Re- sources of America" compiled for the Japanese government (Washington, 1872) ; " The Japanese in America" (New York and London, 1872); "Bio- graphical Annals of the Civil Government of the United States" (Washington, 1876: 2d ed., revised, New York, 1887) ; " Life of Octavius Perinchief " (Washington, 1879) ; " Curious Characters and Pleasant Places" (Edinburgh, 1881); "Leading Men of Japan " (Boston. 1883) ; " Farthest North " (New York, 1885) ; and "Haphazard Personalities" (Boston, 1886). He has edited "The Prison Life of Alfred Ely" (New York, 1862), and the "Sermons" of Rev. Octavius Perinchief (2 vols., Washington, 1869-70).

LANMAN, Joseph, naval officer, b. in Nor- wich, Conn., 11 July, 1811; d. there, 13 March, 1874. He entered the navy as a midshipman, 1 Jan., 1825, and passed that grade on 4 June. 1831. His first years of service were spent on the Brazil, West India, and Pacific squadrons. He was com- missioned lieutenant, 3 March, 1835, and served in the West India squadron in 1840, on ordnance duty in 1845-'6, and in the Pacific squadron in 1847-8. He was on special duty from 1849 till 1851, and in 1852 in the sloop-of-war " San Jacinto," of the Mediterranean squadron. He was com- missioned commander, 14 Sept., 1855, and sta- tioned in the Washington navy-yard in 1855-'6, after which he commanded the steamer " Michi- gan " in the great lakes from 1859 till 1861, when he became captain. He commanded the steam- sloop " Saranac," of the Pacific squadron, in 1862. On 29 Aug. of that year he was made commodore and assigned to the steam-sloop "Lancaster," of the Pacific squadron, in 1863, and the frigate "Minnesota," of the North Atlantic blockading squadron, in 1864-'5. Com. Lanman commanded the 2d division of Admiral Porter's squadron at the two attacks on Fort Fisher, and was com- mended in the admiral's official report. He be- came rear-admiral, 8 Dec, 1867, and was made commandant of the Portsmouth navy-yard, after which he commanded the south Atlantic squad- ron on the coast of Brazil. On his return to the United States in May, 1872, he was retired, and resided in Norwich until his death.

LANSDOWNE, Henry Charles Keith Petty Fitzmaurice, Marquis of, governor - general of Canada, b. in England, 14 Jan., 1845. He is the eldest son of Henry, fourth Marquis of Lansdowne, under-secretary of state for foreign affairs from 1856 till 1858, and of Emily Jane Mercer Elphinstone de Flahault, Baroness Nairne. His great-grandfather, the first Marquis of Lansdowne, was secretary of state in 1766, but was dismissed from office in 1768 in con- sequence of his con- ciliatory policy to- ward the American colonies, and in 1782 consented to take of- fice only on condition that the king should recognize the United States. The present marquis was educated at Eton and at Oxford, where he was graduated with honors in the final classical course. He succeeded to the peerage on the death of his father in 1866, and entered political life in 1869 as a junior lord of the treasury in William E. Gladstone's administration. He supported Mr. Gladstone's first land bill in 1870, and strongly urged the justice of giving security to tenants against the confiscation of their improvements and against capricious evictions. He served from 1869 till 1872 under Robert Lowe, chancellor of the exchequer. In 1872 he succeeded Lord Northbrook, who became governor-general of India, as under-secretary of state for war, and served till 1874, when the Gladstone administration was defeated. On Gladstone's return to power in 1880 he became under-secretarv of state for