Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1892, volume 3).djvu/641

Rh but in 1874 was elected to congress from Indiana, and served from 6 Dec, 1875, till 3 March, 1877.

LANDIVAR, Raphael, Central American cler- gyman, b. in Guatemala, 27 Oct., 1731 ; d. in Bo- logna, Italy, 27 Sept., 1795. He became a Jesuit in Tepozotlan, 7 Feb., 1750, and afterward taught theology and philosophy in his native city. After the banishment of the Jesuits from the Spanish colonies he resided in Italy. Besides several funer- al orations (Los Angeles, Mexico, 1766) he wrote a Latin poem, which was popular among Italian scholars in its day. The last edition is entitled " Raphaelis Landivar Rusticatio Mexicana, Editio auctior et emendatior" (Bologna, 1782).

LANDO, or OLANDO, Francisco Manuel de, governor of Porto Rico; b. in Castile, Spain, about 1480; d. in Spain after 1539. He came as the lieu- tenant of Admiral Diego Columbus to the island of Santo Domingo in 1509, where he showed skill and energy, and in the year 1530 he was appointed by the admiral, and confirmed by the emperor, governor of the island of Porto Rico. In this same year three terrible hurricanes visited the isl- and — on 26 June and 23 and 31 Aug. — which de- stroyed all the farms and drowned almost all the cattle.- Two months afterward, on 23 Oct., the Caribs attacked the island, slaughtering its in- habitants and destroying their property. Owing to these events and to the recent conquest of Peru, with the exaggerated accounts of its riches, the in- habitants of Porto Rico made ready in large num- bers to leave their island. To prevent its total de- population, Lando imposed on all who intended to emigrate the penalty of death or mutilation. These measures and his persecutions of the Caribs re- sulted in the firm establishment of the colony, where Lando remained until 1539.

LANDOLPHE, John Francis, French navi- gator, b. in Auxonne, Burgundy, 3 Feb., 1747; d. in Paris in 1825. He went to Paris at the age of eighteen to study medicine, but resolved to become a sailor, and he made his first voyage in 1767 on a merchant vessel bound for Santo Domingo. He was made captain in 1775, and spent the next three years in efforts to extend the French colonies on the west coast of Africa. In 1778 he made several voyages to the Antilles and the coast of North America, after which he returned to Africa. He was at Guadeloupe toward the end of 1792, where by his courage and presence of mind he did much to save the colony from external attacks, and de- fended it against a revolt of the negroes. Later he was intrusted by the French government with the task of obtaining for the island the stores and munitions of war of which it stood in need. He skilfully eluded the English cruisers, reached the United States safely, and fulfilled his mission. The French ambassador gave him the command of a vessel that had been taken from the English, in which he was to return to Guadeloupe. On reach- ing the island, he found that a captain who had sailed with him was accused before the revolution- ary tribunal of intending to deliver his vessel to the enemy. At great risk to himself, Landolphe pleaded warmly for his friend and procured his acquittal. Some months afterward his vessel was taken by an English frigate and he was led prisoner to Portsmouth. After his release he was given command of a frigate on which he sailed for Guiana in 1796. He cruised along this coast and among the West Indian islands up to 1800, capturing sev- eral English merchantmen. In that year the French squadron was attacked by a superior Eng- lish force and his vessel taken. After his release he spent the rest of his life chiefly in writing his memoirs. They are entitled " Memoires du capi- taine Landolphe, contenant l'histoire de ses voy- ages pendant trente-six ans, aux cotes d'Afrique et auxdeux Ameriques,rediges sur son manuscnt par J. S. Quesne " (Paris, 1823).

LANDRAM, John James, soldier, b. in War- saw. Ky., 16 Nov., 1826. He obtained an English education, and at nineteen years of age enlisted in the 1st Kentucky cavalry, under Col. Humphrey Marshall, and led his co'mpany in the battle of Buena Vista. He was elected to the legislature in 1851, and was afterward circuit clerk until 1858, being master-commissioner at the same time. He was then graduated at the law-school in Louisville, and settled in Warsaw, Ky., where he has since practised his profession. At the opening of the civil war he aided in recruiting and organizing for the National government the 18th Kentucky regi- ment, of which he became lieutenant-colonel. He was afterward transferred to the command of the post at Cynthiana, Ky., where large army supplies were stored. The garrison of several hundred home- guards and recruits, and a squadron of artillery, was attacked by Gen. John H. Morgan's cavalry, 23 July, 1862, and after a desperate struggle, with severe losses on both sides, was compelled to surren- der. Col. Landram escaped, with a slight wound, to Paris, where, on the next day, he rallied and uniied several detachments of National troops, and harassed Morgan on his retirement from Kentucky. On 3D Aug., 1862, he led his regiment in the battle of Richmond, Ky., where several horses were shot under him, and he received a serious wound in the head, which partially blinded him for life and compelled him to retire from the serv- ice. He had been recommended for promotion to the rank of brigadier-general. Col. Landram was elected to the state senate in 1863, and served as chairman of the committee on military affairs through the remainder of the war. He was de- feated as a Republican candidate for congress in 1876 and 1884, and was a delegate to the Republi- can national convention in the former year.

LANDRETH, David, agriculturist, b. in Phila- delphia in 1802 ; d. in Bristol, Pa., 22 Feb., 1880. He was the son of David Landreth, an English farmer, who emigrated to the United States in 1783. After receiving an education in private schools he joined his father in the nursery busi- ness. He was a member of various public organi- zations, one of the founders of the Pennsylvania horticultural society in 1827, and its corresponding secretary from 1828 till 1836, and president of the Society for the promotion of agriculture. He pub- lished the "Illustrated Floral Magazine" in 1832, was the author of numerous fugitive articles on agricultural and horticultural subjects, and edited, with additions, Johnson's " Dictionary of Modern Gardening" (Philadelphia, 1847).

LANDRETH, Olin Henry, engineer, b. in Addison, N. Y., 21 July, 1852. He was graduated as a civil engineer in 1876 at Union college, but continued his scientific studies as a graduate for a year longer. In August, 1877, he became assistant astronomer at the Dudley observatory in Albany, N. Y., which appointment he held until September, 1879. when he was called to the chair of engineering in Vanderbilt university, Nashville, Tenn. Prof. Landreth was consulting engineer in regard to the new water-supply of Nashville in 1884-'5, and has also filled other shorter engineering engagements. He is a member of scientific societies, and, besides contributing technical papers to their proceedings, he has published "Metric Tables for Engineers " (Philadelphia, 1883).