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Rh and art to southern journals and magazines. In 1841 she settled in Winnsborough, S. C, where she successfully conducted a large boarding-school un- til the civil war began. She also published in the " Floral Wreath " and other periodicals tales, essays, and poems under the pen-names " Minnie Mayflow- er," "Arcturus," " Alida," and "Morna." In 1851 she began advocating in the press the encourage- ment of manufacturing industries and white labor in South Carolina, believing that cotton-growing could not much longer be carried on with profit in competition with the Gulf states. During the war she ceased teaching in order to care for sick and wounded soldiers, and she is said to have originated the design of the first Confederate flag. Her property having been destroyed by fire during the occupation of Winnsborough by Gen. Sher- man's army, she resumed teaching. In 1880 she retired to a farm near Buckhead, S. C.

LAUD, George Trumbull, educator, b. in Painesville, Ohio, 19 Jan., 1842. He was graduated at Western Reserve college in 1864, and at Ando- ver seminary in 1869. He preached in Edinburgh, Ohio, for two years, and was pastor of the Spring street Congregational church in Milwaukee, Wis., from 1871 till 1879, when he was called to the pro- fessorship of intellectual and moral philosophy in Bowdoin. While there he also lectured on church })olity in the Andover seminary, and during the ast year to graduates on systematic theology. In 1881 he assumed the chair of philosophy in Yale college. The degree of D. 1). was conferred on him by Western Reserve in 1881. He is the author of "'Principles of Church Polity" (New York, 1881); "Doctrine of Sacred Scripture" (New York and Edinburgh, 1883) ; and " Elements of Physiological Psychology " (New York and London, 1887). He also published a translation of Lotze's "Philo- sophical Outlines" (6 vols., Boston, 1884-'7).

LADD, Joseph Brown, poet. b. in Newport, R. I., in 1764 ; d. in Charleston, S. C, 2 Nov., 1786. His father, William, a soldier of the Revolution and member of the Rhode Island legislature, cul- tivated a farm at Little Compton. Joseph began to write verses at the age of ten. His father placed him in a printing-office in Newport, but took him away when he offended Dr. Samuel Hopkins by publishing a poem satirizing that di- vine. He wished to become a physician, and was fdaced with Dr. Isaac Senter, who encouraged his iterary tastes, and, besides directing his medical studies, gave him instruction in the classics. His professional studies lasted four years, and during that time he composed most of his poetry. A large part of it consists of amatory verses, signed " Arouet," and addressed to " Amanda." They were intended for an orphan heiress, to whom he was devoted, and who was attached to him, though obstacles were placed in the way of their marriage by her guardians. By the advice of Gen. Na- thanael Greene, he began practice in Charleston in 1784, and met with success. In 1785 he deliv- ered, at the request of Gov. William Moultrie, an oration at the second celebration ever held of the anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. He also contributed articles on literary and political subjects to the press of Charleston. Becoming in- volved in a newspaper controversy, he was chal- lenged to fight a duel, and, firing his own shot in the air, received the ball of his antagonist in a vital part. He published" Poems of Arouet " (Charleston, 1786), and his poetry, with some of his prose writ- ings, was collected into a volume, containing also a memoir of the author, bv his sister, Mrs. Elizabeth Haskins (New York, 1832).

LADD, William, philanthropist, b. in Exeter, N. H., 10 May, 1778 ; d. in Portsmouth, N. H., 9 April, 1841. He was graduated at Harvard in 1797, and on leaving college embarked as a sailor on one of his father's vessels, became a skilful navigator, and was captain of some of the finest ships that sailed from New England ports until he left the ocean at the beginning of the war of 1812. He resided at Minot, Me., and took an active part in organizing the American peace society, of which he was for many years president. The society was founded in 1828, and for a long period he was the only active and responsible officer. He gave his main attention to this society and the object it rep- resented until the end of his life. In its interests he edited the " Friend of Peace," established by Dr. Noah Worcester, and the " Harbinger of Peace," which succeeded it as the organ of the society, and published a number of essays and occasional ad- dresses on the subject of peace, including an " Ad- dress to the Peace Society of Maine" (1824), one to that of Massachusetts (1825), and " An Essay on the Congress of Nations " (Boston, 1840). He" car- ried his views to the extent of denying the right of defensive war, and caused this principle to be incor- porated into the constitution of his society. See his " Memoir," by John Hemmenway (Boston, 1872).

LADREYT, Casimir, educator, b. in France in 1797; d. in Boston, Mass., 4 July, 1877. He came to the United States about 1836, taught the French language, and published " French Pronunciation " (Philadelphia); "The Study of French Simplified" (New York) ; and other text-books.

LADRILLEROS, Juan (lah-dreel-yair'-oth). Spanish navigator. He lived in the 16th century, and took an active part in the civil wars of Peru. He was ordered by Garcia Hurtado de Mendoza (q. v.) to examine the southern coast of that coun- try and the Strait of Magellan, and left Valdivia in November, 1557. with two vessels. After many adventures, and an attempt at a mutiny by the crew, he succeeded finally in entering the strait, minutely examined the neighboring coast, and re- turned to Valdivia with a single sailor and a negro. The result of his voyage was a more exact knowl- edge of the island of Chiloe and the neighboring groups. There are two manuscript copies of his journal preserved in the general archives of the Indies. Navarrete has inserted the narrative of La- drilleros in the introduction to his " Relacion del ultimo viage al estrecho de Magallanes en los ailos de 1785 y 1786" (Madrid. 1788). The voyage of Ladrilleros was the first to overturn the opinion that it was impossible to return by the Strait of Magellan from the Pacific to the Atlantic.

LAET, Jan, Flemish geographer, b. in Antwerp ; d. late in 1649. He was the author of treatises describing Italy. Spain. France. Belgium, India, Persia, Turkey, and Portugal, which were published in the Elzevir series of "Les petites republiques." He also published "Novus orbis, seu descriptionis occidentalis, libri xviii., cum tabulis" (Leyden, 1633; French translation, 1633; Dutch translation, 1640). This account of America was much used bv later geographers. In "Notae ad Dissertationem H. Grotii de origine gentium araericanarura" (Paris, 1643) he controverted the theory of Grotius respecting the origin of the American Indians. The latter replied somewhat acrimoni- ously, and drew from Laet a "Responsio ad Dissertationem secundam H. Grotii de origine gentium americanarum" ( Amsterdam. 1644). He edited "Historia naturalis Brasilia?," containing a treatise on medicine by G. Pison, and one on the natural history of Brazil' by Georg Markgraff (Levden, 1648).