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Rh (1863); and &ldquo;Bunsen and Stahl&rdquo; (Berlin, 1856). Among his later devotional works are &ldquo;Gottes Wort&rdquo; (Berlin, 1865), and &ldquo;David, der König von Israel&rdquo; (1866; English translation, 1870). His sermons were published (Berlin, 1868), and his autobiography edited by his daughter, which was translated into English (London, 1871).

KRUSENSTERN, Adam Johann von, Russian navigator, b. in Haggud, Esthonia, 19 Nov., 1770; d. in Esthonia, 24 Aug., 1846. He was in the English service in 1793-'9, and afterward, having been made a captain in the Russian navy, commanded in 1803 an expedition that he had planned for the exploration of the north Pacific coasts of America and Asia. He described this in his &ldquo;Reise um die Welt in den Jahren 1803-'6&rdquo; (3 vols., St. Petersburg, 1810-'12; English translation, London, 1813). Krusenstern became an admiral in 1841.

KRYN, called &ldquo;The Great Mohawk,&rdquo; Indian chief, d. in Salmon River, near Lake Champlain, N. Y., 4 June, 1690. In 1674 his wife became a convert to Christianity, and the chief abandoned her. In his wanderings he reached the new village of La Prairie, on the St. Lawrence, which had been founded by Catherine Ganneaktena (q. v.) in 1670. He was struck by the peace and order that prevailed, and after some months became a Christian. On his return to his tribe in Caughnawaga, he related what he had seen, and urged all who shared his ideas to follow him to La Prairie. Forty at once joined him, and reached the mission on Easter Sunday, 1676. In 1687, during a war between the Iroquois and the Indians that were friendly to the French, Kryn made an offer to Dénonville, the French governor, to go, with five others, and find out the real intentions of the Mohawk tribe. His offer was accepted, and as he was crossing Lake Champlain he met a body of sixty Mohawks who had been sent by Gov. Dongan to make a raid on the French settlements. Kryn persuaded them to return, and even preached to them with such success that four were converted. The Oneidas and Onondagas were also influenced by him, aided by Garaconthie (q. v.) to keep peace with the French. In February, 1690, under orders from the new governor, Frontenac (q. v.), a force of a hundred Frenchmen and eighty Indians, the latter commanded by Kryn, marched on Schenectady. Kryn encouraged his followers to avenge on the English the massacre of 200 Canadians by the Iroquois six months before. Schenectady was taken by surprise, and sixty-three of the inhabitants butchered. Later in the same year the great Mohawk set out with Lieut. Beauvais on a war-party. While halting at Salmon river, for the purpose of erecting a stockade, the party was attacked by the Abnakis, who mistook them for English, and Kryn fell dead at the first fire.

KUHN, Adam, botanist, b. in Germantown, Pa., 28 Nov., 1741; d. in Philadelphia, 5 July, 1817. He studied medicine under his father, and at the University of Upsal in 1862, also studying botany under Linnæus. He took the degree of M. D. at the University of Edinburgh in June, 1767, and published his thesis, &ldquo;De Lavatione frigida.&rdquo; On his return he settled at Philadelphia and practised medicine. He was appointed professor of materia medica in the College of Philadelphia in January, 1768, became professor of the theory and practice of medicine in the University of Pennsylvania in November, 1789, and held the chair of the practice of physic from the union of the college and the university in January, 1792, till 1797. He was a physician of the Pennsylvania hospital from May, 1775, till January, 1798, and

was president of the College of physicians from July, 1808, till his death.

KÜHN, or KINO, Eusebius Francis, missionary, b. in Trent, Austria, about 1650; d. in Magdalena, Sonora, in 1711. He entered the Society of Jesus at an early period, and after completing his studies was appointed professor of mathematics in the University of Ingoldstadt, but resigned and went to Mexico as a missionary. He not only devoted himself to the conversion of the Indians, but to bettering their social condition. Receiving permission to preach in Sonora, he set out from Mexico, 20 Oct., 1686. and met on the way Father Salva Tierra, Together they formed the project of converting and subjecting to Spain all the inhabitants from Mexico to Oregon. Father Kühn was to undertake the territory of Sonora and the Pima country, which embraced most of the present territory of Arizona. After entering Sonora he learned the different dialects of the inhabitants, and formed vocabularies and elementary works for the use of his assistants and successors. He is said to have baptized with his own hand over 48,000 of the natives, and caused them to adopt civilized life. He was constantly thwarted in his efforts by the cruelty of the Spaniards, and his denunciations of the violence and oppression with which the Indians were treated at length moved the Mexican council. Regulations were made for the protection of the Indians; but they were never observed, and he often saw his converts dragged from their homes and compelled to work in the mines. He entered Arizona, 13 March, 1687, built chapels everywhere, made peace between hostile tribes, &ldquo;and,&rdquo; says Clavigero in the &ldquo;Storia della California,&rdquo; &ldquo;if he could have obtained additional missionaries and not been hampered by constant impediments, calumnies, and false reports, he would then have easily converted all the tribes between Sonora and the rivers Gila and Colorado.&rdquo; In 1698 he set out on a tour of inspection of his mission stations, and travelled on foot a thousand miles through a rugged country inhabited only by savnges. He made several such journeys during the subsequent years of his ministry, and between 1693 and 1697 founded the missions of Santa Maria Somanca, Gueravi, Cocospera, San Cayetano, and San Xavier del Bac. The last was the largest rancheria in Arizona, having 170 houses and 803 Indians. He founded fourteen missions, most of which were abandoned after his death. He wrote &ldquo;Explicacion astronomica del Cometa que se vió en todo el orbe en 1680 y 1681&rdquo; (Mexico, 1681); &ldquo;Mapa del paso por tierra à la California,&rdquo; published by Rev. L. Gobicu (1706); and several manuscript works, which he deposited with the Jesuits in Mexico, and which were used by Rev. Miguel Venegas in his &ldquo;Historia de California.&rdquo;

KUNKEL, John Christian, lawyer, b. in Harrisburg, Pa., 18 Sept., 1816; d. there, 14 Oct., 1870. He was graduated at Jefferson college, Pa., subsequently studied law at the Carlisle law-school, was admitted to the bar of Dauphin county, and soon gained a reputation as a lawyer and a public speaker. During the presidential campaign of 1844 he spoke much in favor of Henry Clay, and the same year was elected to the legislature and served for three consecutive terms. In 1851 he was elected to the state senate, and at the close of the first session was chosen speaker. In 1854, and again in 1856, he was elected to congress as a Whig, and served from 1855 till 1859.

KUNTH, Charles Sigismund (koont). German botanist, b. in Leipsic, 18 June, 1788; d. there, 22 March, 1850. He became a merchant's