Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1892, volume 3).djvu/607

Rh president of the board of trustees that organized the Soldiers' orphans' home at Bloomington, Ill., and in 1870 became president of the first board of railroad commissioners of Illinois. He is the author of &ldquo;Collections of the Important General Laws of Illinois, with Comments&rdquo; (in German, St. Louis, 1838); &ldquo;From Spain&rdquo; (Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1866); &ldquo;Das deutsche Element in den Vereinigten Staaten, 1818-1848&rdquo; (Cincinnati, 1880; 2d ed., New York, 1885); and a number of pamphlets.

KOHL, John George, traveller, b. in Bremen, Germany, 28 April, 1808; d. there, 28 Oct., 1878. He studied law at the universities of Heidelberg, Göttingen, and Munich, and after spending six years as a tutor in Courland, visited Russia. Subsequently he travelled through Europe and published numerous works. Having collected material relating to the early history of America, he came to this country in 1854 and remained until 1858, when he returned to Bremen and became city librarian in 1863. He prepared for the U. S. government a series of valuable maps of America, and published, at the request of the U. S. coast survey, the &ldquo;History of the Discovery of the U. S. Coast&rdquo; and the &ldquo;History and Investigation of the Gulf Stream&rdquo; (Bremen, 1868). Those of his publications that relate to this country, many of which have been translated into English, are &ldquo;Travels in Canada&rdquo; (Stuttgart, 1856); &ldquo;Travels in the United States&rdquo; (New York, 1857); &ldquo;History of the Two Oldest Charts of the New World&rdquo; (Weimar, 1860); &ldquo;History of the Discovery of the Northeastern Coast of America&rdquo; (&ldquo;Maine Historical Collections,&rdquo; Portland, 1869); a series of lectures entitled &ldquo;History of the discovery of America&rdquo; (Dresden, 1861; English translation, 1862); and &ldquo;History of the Discovery and Voyage through the Straits of Magellan&rdquo; (Berlin, 1877). He also published a &ldquo;Lecture on the Plan of a Chartographical Depot for the History and Geography of the American Continent&rdquo; (Smithsonian reports, Washington, 1856), and a descriptive catalogue of those maps, charts, and surveys relating to America that are mentioned in vol. iii. of Hakluyt's &ldquo;Voyages&rdquo; (1857).

KOHLMANN, Anthony, clergyman, b. in Kai- sersberg, France, 13 July, 1771 ; d. in Rome. Italy, in April, 1838. He studied the classics in Colmar, France, and philosophy and theology in the Col- lege of Freiburg, Switzerland, where he was or- dained priest in 1796. The same year he became a member of the Society of the sacred heart at Gogingen. He was driven from Belgium by the French revolutionists, and settled finally at Hagen- brunn, Austria, in 1797. During an epidemic in 1799 he devoted himself with such zeal to the suf- ferers that he was known among them as the " Martyr of Charity." He was next engaged in at- tending sick soldiers in Italy, was president of the College of Dillingen in Bavaria and of a college in Amsterdam, and finally, on the re-establishment of the Jesuit order within the jurisdiction of Arch- bishop Carroll, came to the United States as a member of that society, arriving in Baltimore, 3 Nov., 1806. He was appointed to visit the Roman Catholic congregations of Pennsylvania. In addi- tion to his other duties, he was in the habit of de- livering two sermons every day — one in German and one in English. He was appointed pastor in New York in 1808, and founded an academy for boys called the New York literary institution, and another for girls under the charge of the Ursuline nuns. He was present in 1809 at the death-bed of Thomas Paine, and has left an impressive descrip- tion of that event. During his ministry in New York restitution of stolen goods was made through his instrumentality, and Father Kohlmann was cited before court to give evidence in regard to the person from whom he had received the property. This he refused to do on the ground that the information was given to him in con- fession. It was finally decided that a priest was excused from answering in such cases, and the principle of this decision was afterward embodied in a statute. It was chiefly through his efforts that the cathedral in Mulberry street, the second Roman Catholic church in the* city of New York, was completed, 4 May, 1815. He left New York the same year to take charge of the novitiate of the Jesuits at Whitemarsh, Md., and in 1817 he be- came superior of the order in the United States. He also filled the post of rector of Georgetown col- lege from 1818 till 1820. In 1821 he exchanged the superiorship of the mission for that of Wash- ington seminary, over which he presided three years. In 1824 he was summoned to Rome, where he taught theology for five years in the Roman college. He held several high official positions, and enjoyed the esteem of successive popes up to his death. His works include " A True Exposition of the Doctrine of the Catholic Church touching the Sacrament of Penance" (New York, 1813); " Centurial Jubilee to be celebrated by all the Reformed Churches throughout the United States " (1817) ; " The Blessed Reformation : Martin Luther portrayed by Himself (Philadelphia, 1818); and thirteen pamphlets on Unitarianism in reply to Jared Sparks, who was then a minister in Balti- more, Md. These were published in book-form as "Unitarianism Philosophically and Theologi- cally P^xamined " (2 vols., Washington, 1821).

KOHNE, Frederick, philanthropist, b. in Rhe- da. Westphalia, Prussia. 30 March, 1757: d. in Philadelphia, Pa.. 26 May, 1829. He emigrated to this country in 1780. and obtained a clerkship in Charleston. S. C. Subsequently he entered into business, and retired in 1807 with a fortune. The remainder of his life was spent in Philadelphia and Charleston. He bequeathed nearly $400,000 to various societies and charities connected with the Protestant Episcopal church in both Pennsyl- vania and South Carolina, and directed that his residuary estate should be left so that the colored population might share in its benefits.

'''KOLLOCK. Mary''', artist, b. in Norfolk, Va., in 1840. She studied art in Philadelphia for three years under Robert Wylie in the Academy of fine arts, and subsequently took lessons in landscape from John B. Bristol and others. Afterward she spent a year in Paris, studied at the Julien school, and sketched in the north of France. She is a member of the Art students* league, and of the Ladies' art association. New York, in which she is now (1887) instructor in painting. Her contribu- tions to the exhibitions of the National academy of design include " Morning in the Mountains "and " On the Road to Mt. Marcy " (1877) ; " A Novem- ber Day" and an "Evening Walk" (1878); "A Gleam of Sunshine " (1882) ; " On Rondout Creek " and "The Old Fiddler" (1883); "Under the Beeches" (1885); "A Glimpse of the Catskills" (1886); and "Early Morning in the Mountains" (1887). To the Centennial exhibition of 1876 she sent "Midsummer in the Mountains."

KOLLOCK, Sheiwd, editor, b. in Lewiston, Del., in 1750; d. in Philadelphia, Pa.. 28 July. 1839. He was commissioned lieutenant early in the Revolution, and took part in the battle of Trenton and other engagements. In 1779 he resigned and began a newspaper entitled the " New Jersey Journal" in Chatham. He removed his press to New York