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556 lished a seminary at Geneva, N. Y. After spending several years abroad, he removed with his family to Michigan, but returned to New York in 1842, and with Rev. Henry W. Bellows founded " The Christian Inquirer." a weekly Unitarian journal. At the time of his death he was editor of the "New York Evening Mirror." Besides many other contributions to periodical literature, he is the author of a series of " Letters from Abroad," which were never collected in book-form. — His wife, Caroline Matilda Stansbury, author, b. in New York city, 12 Jan., 1801 ; d. there, 6 April, 1864, was the daughter of a publisher of New York city. After his death she removed to Clin- ton, N. Y., where she married Mr. Kirkland in 1827. Her first publications were under the pen- name of " Mrs. Mary Clavers." Returning to New York in 1842, she established a girls' boarding- school, and at the same time contributed to the annuals and magazines. She became the editor of the " Union Magazine," which in 1848 was removed to Philadelphia and published as " Sartain's Magazine." Mrs. Kirkland's death was caused by overwork in her efforts to make the great New York sanitary fair a success. Her works include "A New Home; Who'll Follow?" (New York, 1839): "Forest Life " (1842) ; " Western Clearings " (1846) ; an " Essay on the Life and Writings of Spenser," pre- fixed to an edition of the first book of the " Fairy Queen " (1846) ; " Holidays Abroad " (1849) ; " The Evening Book, or Sketches of Western Life " (1852) ; " A Book for the Home Circle " (1853) ; "The Helping Hand" (1853); "Autumn Hours and Fireside Readings " (1854) ; " Garden Walks with the Poets " (1854) ; " Memoirs of Washing- ton " (1857) ; " School-Girl's Garland " (1864) ; and " The Destiny of Our Country " (1864). — Their son, Joseph, author, b. in Geneva, N. Y., 7 Jan., 1830, received a common - school education, and since 1856 has resided in Illinois. He was successively private, lieutenant, and captain in the 12th Illinois volunteer infantry in 1861-'2, and major in 1863, and served in the Army of the Potomac. After the war he engaged in coal - mining in central Illinois and Indiana, where he made the social studies that have given their bent to his writings. Mr. Kirkland is a lawyer by profession, and is also engaged in literary work. He has published "Zury, the Meanest Man in Spring County," a story of western life (Boston, 1887). — His sister, Elizabeth Stansbury, is principal of a young ladies' school in Chicago, and has published " Six Little Cooks " (Chicago, 1875) ; " Dora's House- keeping" (1877); "A Short History of France" (1878) ; and " Speech and Manners " (1885).

KIRKLAND, Thomas, Canadian educator, b. near Tanderagee, Armagh. Ireland, 12 Aug., 1835. He came to Canada in 1854, and thereafter was successively principal of Oshawa and Whitby schools, and mathematical master in Barrie gram- mar-school. In 18?l-'84 Mr. Kirkland was science master in Toronto normal school, and then he be- came principal. For ten years he was professor of chemistry and physics, and lecturer on botany in Trinity medical school, Toronto. His publica- tions include a work on " Statics," and he is joint author of " Kirkland and Scott's Arithmetics."

KIRKMAN, Marshall Monroe, author, b. in Illinois, 10 July, 1842. Since 1856 he has been connected with the Chicago and Northwestern rail- road, as accounting officer, local treasurer, and comptroller. He has published " Railway Expen- ditures " (2 vols., Chicago, 1877) ; " Railway Rev- enue, Accounts and Forms " (New York, 1877) ; "Hand-Book of Railway Expenditures" (1877); " Train and Station Service " (Chicago, 1879) ; " The Baggage, Parcel, and Mail Traffic-' (1879); "The Track Accounts of Railroads" (1882); "Relation of Railroads to the People" (1885); "Railway Legislation" (1886): "The Freight Traffic Way- Bill " (1886) ; " Division of Railway Expenses and Earnings" (1886); "How to Collect Railway Rev- enue Without Loss" (1886); "Maintenance of Railways " (1886) ; " Paymaster's Manual " (1886) ; and "The Handling of Railway Supplies" (1887).

KIRKPATRICK, Andrew, jurist, b. in Mine Brook, N. J., 17 Feb., 1756 ; d. in New Brunswick. N. J., 7 Jan., 1831. His father, David, emigrated from Scotland to the United States and settled at Mine Brook, in 1726. Andrew was gradu- ated at Princeton in 1775, was subse- quently classical in- structor in the Rut- gers college gram- mar-school, and at the same time stud- ied law. He was ad- mitted to the bar in 1785, and, settling in Morristown, soon established a large practice. In 1797 he was a member of the New Jersey legisla- ture, but he resigned at the end of the first session to become judge of the state supreme court. Six years later he became chief justice of the state, and he was twice re-elected, holding the office for twenty-one years. In 1792 he married Jane, eldest daughter of Col. John Bayard, of Bo- hemia Manor. Judge Kirkpatrick " was the beau- ideal," says Aaron Ogden Dayton, " of a minister of justice. His enunciation was slow and distinct; his voice full and musical ; his opinions, when not previously prepared, were delivered with fluency and clearness ; when written, the language in which they were clothed was marked by great purity and precision. His opinions exhibited a depth of re- search which entitled him to rank among the first American jurists." His decisions are in Pennington's, Southard's, and the first three volumes of Halstead's " Reports of the Supreme Court of New Jersey." — His wife, Jane Bayard, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 12 July, 1772 ; d. in New Brunswick, N. J., 16 Feb., 1851, was noted for her accomplishments, benevolence, and beautiful Christian character. She is the author of "The Light of Other Days," edited by her daughter, Mrs. Jane E. Cogswell (New Brunswick, N. J., 1856). See " Memorials of Andrew Kirkpatrick and of his Wife, Jane Bayard," by James Grant Wilson (printed privately, New York, 1870). — Their second son, Littleton, b. in New Brunswick, N. J., 19 Oct., 1797 ; d. at Saratoga Springs, N. Y., 15 Aug., 1859, was graduated at Princeton in 1815, became a prominent member of the New Jersey bar, and was a member of congress from the New Brunswick district in 1843-'5, having been chosen as a Democrat. Two of their grandsons, Andrew K. Cogswell and Andrew Kirkpatrick, became members of the New Jersey bench.

KIRKPATRICK, George Airey, Canadian statesman, b. in Kingston, Ont., 13 Sept., 1841. He was graduated at Trinity college, Dublin, in 1861, admitted to the bar of Upper Canada in 1865, and was elected a member of the Dominion parliament in 1870, 1872, 1874, 1878, and 1882. He was chosen speaker of the Canadian parliament on