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Rh &ldquo;The Durability of Building-Stones in New York City and Vicinity&rdquo; (contributed to the U. S. census reports, 1880); &ldquo;The Genesis of the Crystalline Iron-Ores&rdquo; (1882); &ldquo;Notice on the Microscopical Examination of a Series of Ocean, Lake, River, and Desert Sands&rdquo; (1884); and &ldquo;On the Variation of Decomposition in the Iron Pyrites, its Cause, and its Relation to Density&rdquo; (1886).

JULIO, E. B. D. Fabrino, artist, b. in the island of St. Helena in 1843; d. in Georgia, 15 Sept., 1879. He was the son of an Italian father and a Scotch mother. After a careful education in Paris, he removed to the United States at the be- ginning of the civil war, lived in the north several years, and, removing to New Orleans, established himself there as a portrait-painter. Revisiting Paris about 1872, he entered the studio of Leon Bonnat, and, returning to New Orleans two years later, established a school of art in that city. His best-known painting, "The Last Meeting of Lee and Jackson," is a composition of merit. His " Diana," the " Harvest Scene," exhibited at the Centennial in 1876, a sketch of " Kernochan's Plan- tation," and several Louisiana landscapes, although defective in color, show him to have been a rapid and skilful draughtsman, and an original artist.

JUMEL, Eliza Bowen, heiress, b. at sea between France and the West Indies in 1769; d. in New York, 16 July, 1865. Her mother, whose name was Capet, died at her birth, and the daughter was adopted by a Mrs. Thompson, of Newport, R. I. At seventeen years of age Eliza eloped with and married Col. Peter Croix, a British officer, and, removing to New York city, became, through her great beauty and talents, the friend and favorite of many distinguished men of the age. Her unbounded love of admiration caused her to commit many imprudences, from which her reputation suffered. After the death of Col. Croix, she married, about 1801, Stephen Jumel, a French wine-merchant of great wealth. She then removed to Paris, and became a leader of fashion under the patronage of the Marquis de Lafayette. In a few years she spent a large portion of Jumel's fortune by her extravagance, but, returning to the United States, devoted herself to its restoration with such success that she soon regained all she had dissipated. After Jumel's death she sought legal advice from Aaron Burr, with whom she had been acquainted in her youth. He was at that time seventy-eight years of age, but the pair were married in 1830. On Burr's losing, in Texas speculations, a large sum of money that she had put in his hands a few days after the wedding, she filed a complaint against him, and a separation ensued, although a divorce was not granted. The remainder of her life was spent in retirement in New York city. The Jumel estate on the Harlem river, near Manhattanville, has recently been divided and sold

as city lots, but the mansion erected by Col. Roger Morris in 1758, represented in the accompanying illustration, still remains in the possession of her heirs one of the most interesting of the old landmarks of Manhattan island. Washington used it as his headquarters, and there Madame Jumel, who purchased it in 1810, entertained Joseph Bonaparte, Moreau, and many other distinguished men. There, too, on a rocky eminence overlooking the river, Fitz-Greene Halleck wrote his famous lines on the Greek patriot &ldquo;Marco Bozzaris.&rdquo;

JUMONVILLE, N. Conlon de, French soldier, b. in Picardy, France, about 1725 ; d. near the site of Pittsburg, Pa., 27 May, 1754. He was educated as a soldier, and, coming to this country to join his brother, Coulon de Villiers, who held the rank of captain in the French army, he was sent in the spring of 1754 in charge of a small force to summon Washington to surrender the fort that he had built at Great Meadows, on the bank of the Ohio. The latter, being warned of his approach, joined forces with his Indian allies, and came upon the French suddenly at night. An action lasting a quarter of an hour ensued. On the side of the English one man was killed and three wounded, while ten of the French were killed, including De Jumonville, and twenty-one made prisoners. The dead were scalped by the Indians, and a scalp and a hatchet sent to each of the tribes of the Miamis, with an invitation to join the Six Nations as allies of the English. The killing of Jumonville, who bore a summons to surrender, was considered in France and Canada as a violation of the law of nations. Jumonville's death was avenged early in the following July by his brother, Coulon de Villiers, who, at the head of 600 French and 100 Indians, appeared before the rude stockade that had been built at Great Meadows by Washing- ton, and named Fort Necessitv. After an engage- ment in which three of the French and thirty of the Virginians were killed, the American officer accepted terms of capitulation, by which he agreed to retire from the basin of the Ohio.

JUNCKER, Henry Dainian, R. C. bishop, b. in Fenetrange, Lorraine, France, about 1810 : d. in Alton, 111., 2 Oct., 1868. He came to the United States at an early age, studied for the priesthood, and was ordained by Bishop Purcell, 16 March, 1834. He was then appointed pastor of the Church of the Holy Trinity, the first German church in Cincinnati. At the end of two years he was transferred to Canton, Ohio, and in 1846 appointed pastor of the Church of Emanuel at Dayton. He also ministered to several English congregations and over a dozen German settlements. In 1857 he was appointed bishop of the newly created see of Alton, and consecrated by Archbishop Purcell on 26 April. His diocese embraced the greater part of Illinois, and it contained only eighteen priests. He went to Europe early in 1858, returning in July with four ecclesiastical students, whom he ordained, and within a little over a year he had increased the number of priests to forty-two. During the same period he built eight new churches. In 1859 he completed his cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul, which is among the finest churches in the United States. His visitations of his diocese were long and severe journeys, during which he founded congregations to which he afterward sent clergymen, and performed every duty of a simple priest. He gave especial attention to education, founded two colleges for boys and six academies for girls, erected an ecclesiastical seminary near his cathedral, and built two hospitals, as well as an orphan asylum. In 1868 the number of priests had