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486 her property. Juels then devoted twenty years to travel in South and North America, Europe, and India, returning to Stockholm in 1784. He settled in Upsala, where he received from the university the honorary diploma of LL. D., and obtained letters of nobility from Gustav III. The remainder of his life was devoted to scientific pursuits. Among his works are &ldquo;Lehrbuch der allgemeinen Geographie&rdquo; (Upsala, 1787); &ldquo;En Resa till Norra Amerika&rdquo; (2 vols., 1787); &ldquo;En Resa till Södra Amerika&rdquo; (2 vols., 1789); &ldquo;En Resa till India&rdquo; (1789); &ldquo;Bes Krifning om Amerikanska Maysen&rdquo; (1790); &ldquo;Södra Amerikanska Särgoter&rdquo; (1791); and &ldquo;Compendium Universi completens geographica descriptio&rdquo; (1793).

JUENGLING, Frederick, artist, b. in New York city, 8 Oct., 1846; d. there 31 Dec., 1889. He studied in his native city, adopted art as a profession, and attained to high rank as an engraver. He was a founder of the American society of wood-engravers, its first secretary in 1881-'2, and in 1882-'3 was vice-president of the Art students' league. Mr. Juengling was identified with what is known as the new school in wood-engraving. He received honorable mention at the Paris salon in 1881, and a second-class medal at the International exhibition of fine arts, held in Munich in 1883. Among his works are &ldquo;The Professor,&rdquo; engraved after Frank Duveneck, and &ldquo;The Voice of the Sea,&rdquo; after Arthur Quartley. His paintings include &ldquo;The Intruder&rdquo; (1884); &ldquo;Westward Bound&rdquo; (1884); and &ldquo;In the Street&rdquo; (1886).

JÜGLER, Lorenz (yu'-gler), German naturalist, b. in Detmold in 1692; d. in Halle in 1764. He united with the Moravian church, but was afterward converted to the Lutheran faith. He became preceptor to the children of the Prince of Reuss-Greitz, and professor of chemistry at the University of Göttingen, and afterward at Dortrecht. The young Prince of Reuss died in 1746 and left him a handsome legacy, which enabled him to travel. After a journey of three years in Europe he sailed for India in 1749, but was taken in the latter country as a spy both by the French and English, and in spite of his protestations was not allowed to proceed. Returning to Holland, he sailed for Boston, and travelled in North and South America for seven years, settling in Halle on his return in 1755. Among his many publications are &ldquo;Geschichte und Zustaende der Deutschen in Amerika&rdquo; (Leipsic, 1756); &ldquo;Metallurgische Reise durch einen Theil von Neu England&rdquo; (Halle, 1756); &ldquo;Erste Urkunden der Geschichte der Amerikas&rdquo; (2 vols., 1757); &ldquo;Thesaurus geographicus&rdquo; (1758); and &ldquo;Flora Americanæ&rdquo; (2 vols., 1763-'4).

JULIAN, George Washington, statesman, b. near Centreville, Ind., 5 May, 1817. He received a common-school education, taught for three years, studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1840. He was elected to the Indiana house of representatives in 1845 as a member of the Whig party; but becoming warmly interested in the slavery question through his Quaker training, severed his party relations in 1848, became one of the founders and leaders of the Free-soil party, was a delegate to the Buffalo convention, and was then elected to con- fress, serving from 3 Dec, 1849, to 3 March, 1851. n 1852 he was a candidate for the vice-presidency on the Free-soil ticket. He was a delegate to the Pittsburg convention of 1856, the first National convention of the Republican party, and was its vice-president, and chairman of the committee on organization. In 1860 he was elected as a Republican to congress, and served on the joint committee on the conduct of the war. He was four times re-elected, and served on the committee on reconstruction, and for eight years as chairman of the committee on public lands. He espoused the cause of woman suffrage as early as 1847, and in 1868 proposed in congress a constitutional amendment conferring the right to vote on women. During the discussions on reconstruction he was zealous in demanding the electoral franchise for the negro. In 1872 he joined the Liberal Republicans, and supported Horace Greeley for president. His most strenuous efforts in congress were directed to the championship of the homestead policy and the preservation of the public lands for the people. In May, 1885, he was appointed surveyor-general of New Mexico. He has published " Speeches on Political Questions." containing a sketch of his life by Lydia Maria Child (Boston, 1872), and " Political Recollections " (Chicago, 1884), and has con- tributed to magazines and reviews articles dealing with political reforms. — His brother, Isaac Hoover, journalist, b. in Wayne county, Ind., 19 June, 1823, removed to Iowa in 1846, "resided there till 1850, and returning to Indiana settled in Centreville and edited the "Indiana True Republican," which he afterward published in Richmond, Ind., under the title of "The Indiana Radical." He occupied several local offices in that town, removed to San Marco, Texas, in 1873, and since that date has edited the " San Marco Free Press." He has published, besides numerous poems, pamphlets, and essays, a " Memoir of David Hoover 1 (Richmond, Ind., 1857).

JULIEN, Alexis Anastay, geologist, b. in New York city, 13 Feb., 1840. He was graduated at Union college in 1859, but continued as a student in the chemical laboratory a year longer. In 1860 he went to the guano island of Sombrero as resident chemist, and continued there until 1864, also making studies of its geology and natural history, especially of its birds and land shells. He sent his collections to the Smithsonian institution, for which he also made meteorological observations, this island being the most southerly under its direction. In 1862 he made a geological survey of the islets around St. Bartholomew for the Swedish government, receiving in recognition of his services a gold medal from the king of Sweden. Soon after the establishment of the Columbia school of mines he became the assistant in charge of the quantitative laboratory, and in 1885 he was appointed instructor in charge of the department of microscopy and biology in the same institution. He was connected with the geological survey of Michigan in 1872, making a special study of the crystalline rocks and ores of the Marquette district, and his lithological reports appear in the published volumes of the survey. In 1875 he began the study of the petrography of North Carolina for the state geological survey, and served for three successive summers in the field. He visited the islands of Bonaire, Curaçoa, and Aruba, W. I., during 1881-'2, and investigated the guano deposits and geology of these islands. The degree of Ph. D. was conferred on him in 1882 by the University of New York. He is a member of scientific societies, and was vice-president of the New York academy of sciences in 1884. Dr. Julien was one of the founders of the New York microscopical society in 1880, and in 1883 was one of the originators of the Society of naturalists of the eastern United States. His contributions to scientific literature have been very numerous. Among his papers are &ldquo;On the Geological Action of the Humus Acids&rdquo; (1879); &ldquo;On Spodumene and its Alterations&rdquo; (1879); &ldquo;Building-Stones of New York City and Environs&rdquo; and