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Rh mont, N. H., where his early life was spent. He was graduated at Dartmouth in 1810, and afterward at the Litchfield, Conn., law-school. After prac- tising his profession for a few years, he became a regular writer on the " United States Telegraph " in Washington, and in 1836, on the establishment of the " Public Ledger " in Philadelphia, became its editor. He was bold in attacking abuses of local interest, and succeeded in attracting attention to the "Ledger," adding to its popularity and increasing its circulation. In 1839 he withdrew from that paper and established the " World," a morning journal, which was not a success. In about nine months Jarvis gave up the publication and went to New York, where he afterward re- sided. In time he renewed his connection with the " Ledger " as contributing editor, still living in New York. He was also a writer and correspondent for other journals.

JARVIS, Thomas Jordan, governor of North Carolina, b. in Jarvisburg, Currituck co., N. C, 18 Jan., 1836. His youth was spent on a farm, labor- ing for the support of his family, and his college education was obtained by a loan from a friend. He was graduated at Randolph-Macon in 1860, and in the following year entered the Confederate army as a private. He soon became 1st lieutenant in the 8th North Carolina regiment, and in 1863 was promoted captain, but on 14 May, 1864, his right arm was shattered by a bullet, and he was compelled to retire from the service. He was a member of the State constitutional convention in 1865, became a merchant, and while engaged in business studied law, and was admitted to the bar. He began to practise in 1868, was a presidential elector in that year, elected to the legislature, and re-elected in 1870. becoming speaker of the house. He was again a presidential elector in 1872, in 1875 was a member of the State constitutional conven- tion, and in the following year was elected lieuten- ant-governor of North Carolina. In 1879 he became governor, by the election of Gov. Zebulon B. Vance to the U. S. senate, and in 1880 he was elected to the office, which he held till 1884. In 1885 he was appointed U. S. minister to Brazil.

JASPER, William, soldier, b. in South Carolina about 1750; d. in Savannah. Ga., 9 Oct., 1779. He enlisted as a sergeant in the 2d South Carolina regiment, and distinguished himself in the attack on Fort Moultrie, 28 June, 1776. In the height of the engagement the flag-staff was shot away, and the flag fell to the bottom of the ditch on the outside of the works. Fearlessly leaping from an embrasure, Jasper recovered the colors, which he tied to a sponge-staff and replaced on the parapet, where he supported them until another flag-staff had been procured. In recognition of this act, Gov. Rutledge gave Jasper his own sword, and offered him a lieutenant's commission, which he declined, as he could neither read nor write. His activity and enterprise induced Moultrie to give him a roving commission, and, selecting about six men from the regiment, he often returned with prisoners before Moultrie was aware of his absence. On one occasion, actuated by sympathy for a Mrs. Jones, whose husband was a prisoner and liable to execution, with only one companion he captured a small British guard, and released the prisoners they were taking to Savannah. In the assault on Savannah, 9 Oct., 1779, Sergeant Jasper accompanied D'Estaing and Lincoln in their attack on the Spring Hill redoubt, and was mortally wounded while attempting to fasten the regimental colors to the parapet. A square in the city of Savannah and a county of Georgia bear his name.

JAUBERT, Edonard Etienne (zho'-bair), French historian, b. in Auch in 1629 ; d. in Bor- deaux in 1698. He became a Jesuit, and went in 1658 to Guadeloupe, where he remained several years. He was elected provincial of Santo Do- mingo in 1671, and of Guatemala in 1683, and made himself conspicuous by his exertions for the Indians. Father Jaubert came several times into conflict with the Spanish authorities, and at last, for the sake of peace, his superiors recalled him in 1682. He published " Histoire des Caralbes, dans laquelle est discutee la ferocite de leurs moeurs, et l'anthropophagie qu'on leur reproche " (Bordeaux, 1685); " Statistique des missions de la compagnie de Jesus" (2 vols., 1687); " Histoire et decouvertes des Portugais, des Espagnols et des Francais dans l'Amerique " (1688) ; " Les colonies f rancaises dans les iles Antilles de l'Amerique " (1687) ; "Histoire et geographie de l'ile Hispaniola ou Santo Do- mingo " (1689) ; and several other works, which enjoyed great popularitv for many vears.

JAUCOURT, Paul de (zho'-koor), Flemish sol- dier, b. in Malines in 1754; d. in Paris in 1793. He was a lieutenant in the Austrian army when the American Revolution began, and, having sent in his resignation, he accompanied, in 1779, his friend, the Chevalier de Chastellux, to the United States, where he served as a volunteer. He was adjutant to the Count of Saint Simon at Yorktown in 1781. When peace was signed, he entered the French service, and went to Cayenne as a major of artillery in 1785. He submitted to the governor designs for the fortifications of Cayenne, and was permitted to carry them out. But the events of the revolution interrupted the works, and he was arrested on suspicion of being a royalist, and sent to Paris in 1793, where he was sentenced to death, and executed in November.

JAUREGUI Y AGUILAR, Domingo (how-ray-ghee), South American historian, b. in Panama in 1705; d. in Paracatii del Principe, Brazil, in 1758. He became a Jesuit, lived in Brazil, engaging in missionary work among the Indians, and afterward in Uruguay, where he was elected assistant provincial, and had charge of several Indian villages. Toward the end of his career he retired to Paracatii del Principe, of which he became vicar in 1751, and devoted his leisure time to historical researches. Jauregui published his works under the pen-name of Fray Domingo, but after his death his manuscripts and a revised edition of his former publications were printed in Rome under his real name. They include " Cronica de la Nueva Andalusia" (2 vols., Buenos Ayres, 1748); " Descripcacgeral d' America" (Rio Janeiro, 1751); " Historia da provincia Sancta Cruz a qui vulgarmente chamamos Brazil " (Buenos Ayres, 1754) ; " Cronica do estado do Brasil" (2 vols." Rome, 1774); "Cronica de las Indias " (2 vols., 1774) ; " Historia corografica des los Reinos del Quito e Chile " (3 vols., 1776) ; and " Historia del Nuevo Mundo" (1776).

JAUREGUI Y ALDECOA, Agustin de, viceroy of Peru, b. in Bazan, Navarre, in 1708; d. in Lima, Peru, 27 April, 1784. In his youth he was equerry to Philip V., who afterward appointed him captain of dragoons. In 1740, having been promoted lieutenant-colonel of his regiment, he joined the expeditionary force that was sent to the West Indies to protect" them against the British. With a division of 3,000 men he was in the expedition to Honduras, and his regiment took part in the capture of the island of Ruatan. On his return to Spain he was promoted brigadier by Charles III. in 1753, and in 1762 participated in the campaign of Portugal, and was promoted major-gen-