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404 losophy in the University of New Brunswick, which post he held two years. In 1869 he again went to Scotland, and during a walking-tour in the high- lands met Dr. Norman Macleod, of Glasgow, who had returned from India, and who induced him to become a missionary. He was appointed principal of the general assembly's institution in Bombay, with instruction to add a college department. After one year in Bombay he was ordered to Cal- cutta to take charge of a similar institution, where he served six years. During his service a large number of pupils were added to the school, and it was united with the University of Calcutta. He was also interested in other missionary work, aided the Bengali Christians in organizing a congrega- tion and in building a church, and was a delegate to the missionary conference at Allahabad in 1872-'3, where he read a paper upon the " Brahma Samaj." He was a frequent contributor to the " Calcutta Review " and other local papers, and was appointed every year an examiner for degrees in the University of Calcutta. In 1877 he went to Scotland, where he spent several months, and lec- tured in the four universities on "Comparative Theology" from a missionary standpoint. For three months he held charge of Park church, Glas- gow, after which he returned to Canada. He was pastor of St. Andrew's church, Chatham, N. B., in 1879-'81, and was then called to St. John's church in Brockville. He published letters to English-speak- ing Hindus on religious subjects entitled " What to Believe" (Calcutta, 1876)), and "The Elements of the Psychology of Cognition " (London, 1874).

JARDINS, Charles Francois des, French na- val officer, b. in Port Louis, Guadeloupe, in 1729 ; d. in Santo Domingo in September, 1791. He en- tered the navy when scarcely sixteen years old, be- came commander in 1778, and under the Marquis of Bouille greatly contributed. to the capture of Tobago,, taking part also in the battles with Ad- miral Rodney in the waters of La Dominique in April and May, 1780. In the third battle, which was a success for the French, he held his 1 ground alone against three English vessels, and received the brevet of commodore. He afterward served under Count de Grasse when the latter went to protect the American coasts, and commanded a division in the fleet of Admiral Destouches when the latter defeated the English under Admiral Arbuthnot on 16 March, 1781, at the entrance of Chesapeake bay. His gallantry during the action won him great praises from the Americans, and he was made an honorary member of the Society of the Cincinnati. He commanded the station of Santo Domingo in 1791 at the time of the troubles in the island, and, having landed with a corps of marines to crush the rebels, was instantly killed.

JARNAC, Gaston Louis de (zhar'-nack'), French soldier, b. in Angouleme in 1758; d. in Texas in 1818. He served in the war for American independence from 1776 till 1781, was wounded at Yorktown, and received from Louis XVI. the cross of Saint Louis. He emigrated to the United States during the French revolution, taught French and mathematics in Boston and Philadelphia, and opened, in 1797, the French institute at New Or- leans. Returning to France in 1805, he was for some time an officer in the army, but having ex- {>ressed himself too freely on the policy of Napo- eon, he feared arrest, and fled again to the United States, living quietly till 1814, when he accepted service under Jean Lafttte (o. v.). In 1816 he made the acquaintance of Gen. Charles Lallemand (q. v.), and agreed to devote the fortune that he had made with Lafitte in the foundation of the " Champ d'Asile " on the banks of the river Trinidad in Texas, and in that military colony held an im- portant command. But famine and troubles ruined the colony. Jarnac reproached Lallemand for his despotic rule, and with a few followers set out, under the guidance of a Choctaw Indian, to reach Louisiana. But the savage led them to an Indian village, where they were attacked and, after a des- perate resistance, taken captive and murdered.

JARNAGIN, Spencer, lawyer, b. in Granger county, Tenn., about 1793; d. in Memphis, Tenn., 24 June, 1851. After his graduation at Greenville college in 1813, he studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1817, and began to practise in Athens, Tenn. He was a member of the state house of representatives, and was elected U. S. senator as a Whig, serving from 1843 till 1847.

JARQUE, Francisco (har'-keh), South Ameri- can missionary, b. in Hispaniola (according to some authors, in Panama) in 1636 ; d. in Tucuman, Ar- gentine Republic, in 1691. He studied in Mexico, and served as a lieutenant in the Spanish army, but in 1658 resigned, and united with the Jesuits. He taught rhetoric for several years in the College of Buenos Ayres, and, having acquired a perfect knowledge of the Guarani language, was attached to the missions of South America in 1665. In 1671 he was elected provincial of the Paraguayan mis- sions, which he reorganized and greatly enlarged, and he became afterward vicar of the cathedral of Potosi, Peru, and dean of Cordova. Leon Pinelo asserts in his "Biblioteca oriental y occidental" that Fray Jarque was the most competent linguist that has devoted his labors to the Indian language, and Humboldt and many others have spoken of him with high praise. He published " Estado pre- sente de las misiones en el Tucuman, Paraguay e Rio de la Plata" (Tucuman, 1687), and "Tesoro de la lengua Guarani," which is still a standard work (Buenos Ayres, 1690).

JARRATT, Devereux, clergyman, b. near Richmond, Va., 17 Jan., 1733 ; d." in Virginia, 29 Jan., 1801. He began to prepare for the Presby- terian ministry, but in 1762, determining to take orders in the Protestant Episcopal church, sold his patrimony and went to England for ordina- tion. In the next year he returned to Virginia and assumed charge of the parish of Bath. His system of religion was regarded as an innovation in the established church of Virginia, and many considered him a fanatic. His last sermon was delivered in the old Saponey church, which is re- garded as the scene of his labors. He published three volumes of sermons (1793-'4), and a series of letters to a friend entitled " Thoughts on Some Important Subjects in Divinity" (1791). These were afterward republished in connection with his "Autobiography" in a series of letters ad- dressed to the Rev. John Coleman (1806).

JARRIC, Louis Etienne, Chevalier de, West Indian revolutionist, b. in Les Cayes, Santo Domingo, in 1757; d. there, 21 Feb., 1791. He was the son of a wealthy Creole nobleman, and assumed the name of Chevalier de Jarric, although he was a natural son and a mulatto. His father gave him a good education and left him some property, but young Etienne felt his situation keenly, and accepted with delight the new democratic principles of 1789 as the means of elevating himself to the same level as the white Creoles. He served on the continent as a captain when the French revolution began, and, returning to Santo Domingo, called the negroes together in mass-meetings, urging them to assert their rights, inasmuch as the constituent assembly had already given some hint of recogni-