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402 physical condition. While there, he had a saw- mill and flouring-mill erected, lands were allotted to the Indians in severalty, and about 100 log- houses built. His wife and daughters also labored among the women of the tribe. Owing to impaired health, he resigned his commission and returned to Virginia. He was a member of the Society of Friends, in which he held the office of elder.

JANNEY, Thomas, Quaker, b. in Cheshire, England, in 1634; d. there, 12 Dec, 1696. He set- tled in Bucks county, Pa., in 1683, and also labored in New Jersey. He visited the churches of New England, Long Island, and Maryland, and finally went to England with Griffith Owen in 1695.

JANNSENS, Francis, R. C. bishop, b. in Til- burg, North Brabant, Holland, 17 Oct., 1847. He studied theology in the Episcopal seminary of Bois- le-Duc, and afterward entered the American college of the University of Louvain, with a view to becom- ing a missionary in the United States. He was or- dained priest. 21 Dec, 1867, sailed for this country in September, 1868, and was assigned to mission- ary duty in Richmond, Va. He was first assistant at the cathedral, and in 1870 was appointed rector, secretary, and chancellor of the diocese, at the same time taking charge of several missions. In 1877 he became vicar-general. On the translation of Bishop Gibbons to Baltimore as coadjutor-arch- bishop, Father Jannsens was appointed admin- istrator of the diocese of Richmond. He filled the same office under Bishop Keane that he had occu- pied under his predecessor. After the translation of Bishop Elder from the diocese of Natchez to the coadjutorship of Cincinnati, Father Jannsens was nominated for the vacant see, and he was con- secrated by Archbishop Gibbons in the cathedral of Richmond, 1 May, 1881. Before assuming the du- ties of his office he visited Rome. Bishop Jannsens is supreme spiritual director of the Catholic knights of the United States, a benevolent organization of large membership. In 1884 there were 14,000 Roman Catholics under his jurisdiction, with fifty- three churches and thirty priests.

JANSEN, Olaüs, Danish naturalist, b. in Christianstadt in 1714; d. in Copenhagen in 1778. He studied in Germany, and was for several years professor at the University of Tübingen, where he acquired reputation as a naturalist. He was elected in 1761 rector of the University of Copenhagen, and in the following year a member of the Academy of sciences. Two years later he was sent by the government to travel in America and collect information on the natural productions of that country. He landed in Buenos Ayres in October, 1764, and visited successively Paraguay, Uruguay, Chili, Patagonia, Araucania, Brazil, Peru, Central America, thence, crossing the Isthmus of Panama, he journeyed through New Spain, Louisiana, and Florida, reaching Boston in 1772. On his return, which was hastened by difficulties in which he was involved with the English authorities when he was about to visit Canada, he published "Den Geist in den Naturvidenskaben og naturens almindelige laere" (Copenhagen, 1773); "Journal holden y Skibet prindsess Isabella poa rejsen til Buenos Ayres" (2 vols., 1773-'4); "Forste indledning til den Almind. naturlaere" (1774); "Neue Reisen durch Brazil und Peru" (1775); "Neue Reisen durch Louisiana und Nueva España" (1776); "Geschichte und Beschreibung des Brodbaums" (Tübingen and Copenhagen, 1776); "Anmarkningar ons Historia Naturalis och climated af Nye England og Nye Spanien" (2 vols., Copenhagen and Stockholm, 1778); and several other works, which enjoyed a high reputation during the 18th century.

JANSEN, Reynier, printer, b. in Holland ; d. in Philadelphia in March, 1706. He emigrated to this country in 1698. He was a lace-maker at Alk- maier, Holland, but, shortly after coming to Phila- delphia, he set up a printing-press — the second in the middle colonies. From 1698 till 1706 he was the only printer in Pennsylvania. Probably the first book issued by him was "God's Protecting Providence " (1699). Thomas, in " History of Print- ing in America," says : " I have met with only one book with Jansen's name in the imprint," while Hildeburn, in " Issues of Pennsylvania Press, 1685- 1784" (1885), enumerates thirty-five different publi- cations bearing Jansen's imprint. The issues of Jansen's press have sold higher on the average as imprints than the issues of any other American printer. His two sons earned on the printing- business a few years after their father's death. One of the sons assumed the name of Tiberius John- son, and the other that of Joseph Reynier, and respectively printed in these names.

JANSEN VAN ILPENDAM, Jan, Dutch official, d. probably at Marcus Hook, Pa., in 1685. About 1640 he was appointed by Gov. William Kieft custom-house officer on the Delaware, and put in command of Fort Nassau. In 1642 a company from New Haven attempted to effect a settlement nearly opposite the fort, to prevent which Jansen was ordered by the Dutch governor to proceed to the unbidden comers and require of them to show by what " authority they acted, and how they dared to make such encroachment on our rights and privileges, our territory and commerce ; and, if they could show no authority, to let them depart, and, if they refused, to take them prisoners and bring them to New York " ; and to aid him in en- forcing his authority he was sent two yachts, and directed to man them. This order he obeyed, and it resulted in his burning the trading-house and taking the traders prisoners, whereat the govern- ment of New Haven addressed to Kieft a vigor- ous protest. In 1644 he refused to allow a Boston company to pass up the river on the ostensible mis- sion of exploring for the Syconian lake. In 1645 he fell into disfavor, and was charged with fraud and neglect of duty in his office as commissary of the fort, one item of his offending being that he had given " more to the Indians than the ordinary rate." He was removed, and Andreas Hudde ap- pointed to succeed him. He continued to reside on the river and to trade with the Indians, and is frequently named in historical documents.

JANSON, Kristofer, clergyman, b. in Bergen, Norway, 5 May, 1841. After finishing the theological course in the University of Christiania, he founded, with a friend, Kristofer Bruun, a People's high-school in Gudbrandsdalen, Norway, with the view of raising the intellectual level of the peasants. While at home he was a leader of the movement (the "Maalstraev"), which has in view the replacing of the Danish language, which is the Norwegian language of literature, by the truly Norwegian language, which is still spoken among the peasants of Norway. Janson has written a large series of novels in this language, the most important of which are "Han ok Ho" (Christiania, 1867), and "Marit Skjolte" (1869). The Norwegian storthing, in acknowledgment of Janson's merits, allowed him what is called a poet's salary, a compensation that has been given to only three others of the most eminent Norwegian authors. In 1882 Janson settled in this country as minister of a Unitarian parish in Minneapolis, Minn. He has since then preached both in English and Norwegian, and he seeks to spread religious tolerance