Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1892, volume 3).djvu/428

396 JACOBSON, John Christian, Moravian bishop, b. in Burkall, Denmark, 8 April, 1795; d. in Bethlehem, Pa., 24 Nov., 1870. He was educated at the college and the theological seminary of the Moravian church in Germany. In 1816 he came to the United States, and filled various offices until 1834, when he was appointed principal of the female academy at Salem, N. C. He met with great success, building up that school until it became one of the best known and most prosperous girls' schools in the south. Subsequently he took charge of the boys' boarding-school at Nazareth, Pa. On 20 Sept., 1854, he was consecrated to the episcopacy, and stood at the head of the northern district of the church until 1867, when he retired.

JACOBUS, Melanchthon Williams, clergyman, b. in Newark, N. J., 19 Sept., 1816; d. in Allegheny City, Pa., 28 Oct., 1876. He was graduated at Princeton in 1834, and at the theological seminary there in 1838, after which he spent an additional year in study, at the same time assisting the professor of Hebrew. He was ordained minister of the 1st Presbyterian church of Brooklyn on 15 Sept., 1839. After a successful pastorate of nearly twelve years his health failed, and he made a tour through Europe, Egypt, and the Holy Land. On his return, in 1851, he accepted the professorship of oriental and biblical literature in the theological seminary at Alleghany City, where he remained till he died. From 1858 till 1870 he filled the pastorate of the Central Presbyterian church in Pittsburg in addition to his work in the seminary. In 1869 he was moderator of the last general assembly of the old-school branch of his church, and in 1870 presided, conjointly with Rev. Dr. Philemon H. Fowler, at the opening of the first assembly of the reunited church. He was an effective public speaker, and held a high place among biblical scholars. He received the degree of D. D. from Jefferson college in 1852, and that of LL. D. from Princeton in 1867. He published &ldquo;Letters on the Public School Question&rdquo; and &ldquo;Notes on the New Testament&rdquo; (4 vols., New York, 1848-'59). These commentaries, which were designed for Sunday-school and family use, were popular among all denominations. He also published &ldquo;Notes on Genesis&rdquo; (2 vols., 1864-'5).

JACOBY, Ludwig Sigismund, clergyman, b. in Altstrelitz, Mecklenburg, 21 Oct., 1813; d. in St. Louis, Mo., 21 June, 1874. He was of Jewish extraction, was converted to Christianity when about twenty-one years of age, and united with the Lutheran church. He had studied medicine, and on his arrival in the United States in 1839 he settled as a physician in Cincinnati. In 1841 he entered the Methodist Episcopal church, and in August of that year was sent by Bishop Morris to establish the first German mission in St. Louis. In 1849, at his own request, he was sent to Bremen, Germany, to introduce Methodism there, and met with good success. There, for twenty-two years, he labored as presiding elder, editor, publishing agent, and superintendent. In 1872 he returned to the United States, was stationed at St. Louis, Mo., and in 1873 was made presiding elder of the St. Louis district. He published many sermons, etc., in both English and German, his chief works being: &ldquo;Geschichte des Methodismus, seiner Entstehung und Ausbreitung in den verschiedenen Theilen der Erde&rdquo; (Cincinnati, 1855); &ldquo;Letzte Stunden, oder die Kraft der Religion Jesu Christi im Tode&rdquo; (1874); &ldquo;Kurzer Inbegriff der christlichen Glaubenslehre&rdquo;; and &ldquo;Biblische Hand-Concordanz.&rdquo;

JACOME, Diego, Portuguese missionary, b. in Portugal early in the 16th century; d. in Brazil in

1565. He entered the Jesuit order in 1548, and went to Brazil to preach the gospel to the natives. When the plague broke out in Espirito Santo, he devoted himself to the care of the sick, and contracted the disease of which he died. He wrote &ldquo;Carta escripa do Brazil em 1551, em que trata dos costumes dos Indies, e trabalhos, que os PP. da companhia padecem na sua conversao.&rdquo; The original is preserved in the convent of St. Roch, Lisbon. It was translated into Italian (Venice, 1559).

JACQUIN, Nicolas Joseph, Dutch botanist, b. in Leyden, 16 Feb., 1727; d. in Vienna, 24 Oct., 1817. He was appointed in 1752, by Francis I., imperial botanist, and two years later went to America in search of unknown plants. He remained five years in South America and the West Indies, and returned to Europe in 1760, with a rich collection of plants and many specimens in natural history, which he presented to the emperor. They became afterward the property of the Museum of Schoenbrunn, which he contrived to make one of the most interesting in Europe. He was appointed in 1774 professor of botany and chemistry in the University of Vienna, and created baron by Joseph II. in 1806. Jacquin discovered about sixty new species of plants, and Linnaeus has given his name to a tree of the family of the Sapotellas, peculiar to the West Indies. His numer- ous works include "Selectarum stirpium americanarum historia " (Vienna, 1763 ; 2d ed., revised, 1781) ; and " Enumeratio systematica plantarum quae in insulis Caribaeis, vicinoque Americae continente detexit " (Leyden, 1760).

JAFFREY, George, jurist, b. in New Castle, N. H., 22 Nov., 1682 ; d. in Portsmouth, N. H., 8 May, 1749. He was graduated at Harvard in 1702, studied law, and was successively a councillor, a judge, treasurer of New Hampshire, and chief justice. The town of Jaffrey is named for him.

JAGGAR, Thomas Augustus, P. E. bishop, b. in New York city, 2 June, 1839. He was educated by a private tutor, and began a course of preparation for the ministry while engaged in business. He was graduated at the General theological seminary, and was made deacon, 10 Nov., 1860, at once becoming assistant minister of St. George's, Flushing, N. Y. In May, 1862, he took charge of Trinity church, Bergen Point, N. J., and was ordained priest, 3 June, 1863, by Bishop Potter, of New York. He was successively rector of Anthon memorial church, New York, in 1864-'8; St. John's, Yonkers, N. Y, in 1868-'70, where he founded the St. John's Riverside hospital ; and Holy Trinity, Philadelphia, in 1870-5. He was consecrated bishop of southern Ohio, 28 April, 1875. In 1874 he had received the degree of D. D. from the University of Pennsylvania. His publications comprise occasional sermons and addresses.

JAMES, Benjamin, lawyer, b. in Stafford county, Va., 22 April, 1768 ; d. in Laurens district, S. C, 15 Nov., 1825. He received his literary education in Virginia, studied law in Charleston, S. C., and practised there till 1796, when he returned to the homestead in Virginia, and there prosecuted his profession until 1808, when he removed to Laurens district, S. C. After this he abandoned the practice of law, turned his attention to farming,