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394 and in ten days more was mounted and in the field. He rendered active and valuable services, especially to BuelPs army in Kentucky, and was engaged in several severe skirmishes and battles, receiving two disabling wounds. His regiment was engaged in resisting Morgan's raid, and fol- lowed him until his capture at Buffington island. In 1863 Col. Jacob was elected lieutenant-governor on the ticket with Thomas B. Bramlette. Col. Jacob fiercely assailed the emancipation proclama- tion as an act of violated faith toward the friends of the Union cause, and of injustice to the owners of property in slaves in a loyal state. He advo- cated the election of Gen. McClellan to the presi- dency in 1864, and censuring the administration in unsparing terms, while canvassing the state, was arrested by order of Gen. Burbridge, and sent through the Confederate lines to Richmond. He afterward received an unconditional release from Mr. Lincoln, and returned to Kentucky, where he now (1887) resides in Oldham county.

JACOBI, Abraham, physician, b. in Hartum, Westphalia, 6 May, 1830. He studied at the universities of Greifswald, Göttingen, and Bonn, and received the degree of M. D. at the last named in 1851. He became involved in the revolutionary movement in Germany, was held in detention at Berlin and Cologne in 1851, convicted of treason, and confined in the prisons of Minden and Bielefeld till the summer of 1853. After his discharge he went to England, and in the following autumn sailed for New York, where he settled as a practising physician. In 1861 he became professor of diseases of children in the New York medical college, held the same chair in the medical department of the University of the city of New York in 1867-'70, and in 1870 became clinical professor of the diseases of children in the College of physicians and surgeons. He has been president of the New York pathological and obstetrical societies, and twice of the Medical society of the county of New York, visiting physician to the German hospital since 1857, to Mount Sinai hospital since 1860, to the Hebrew orphan asylum and the infant hospital on Randall's island since 1868, and to Bellevue hospital since 1874. In 1882 he was president of the New York state medical society, and in 1885 became president of the New York academy of medicine. In 1868-'71 he was joint editor of the &ldquo;American Journal of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children.&rdquo; He is the author of &ldquo;Contributions to Midwifery and Diseases of Women and Children&rdquo; (New York, 1859), jointly with E. Noeggerath; &ldquo;Dentition and its Derangements&rdquo; (1862); &ldquo;The Raising and Education of Abandoned Children in Europe&rdquo; (1870); &ldquo;Infant Diet&rdquo; (1874); and of a &ldquo;Treatise on Diphtheria&rdquo; (1880). He contributed chapters on the care and nutrition of children, diphtheria, and dysentery to Gerhardt's &ldquo;Handbuch der Kinderkrankheiten&rdquo; (Tübingen, 1877), and on diphtheria, rachitis, and laryngitis to Pepper's &ldquo;System of Practical Medicine&rdquo; (Philadelphia), and has published lectures and reports on midwifery and female and infantile disease, and articles in medical journals. His &ldquo;Sarcoma of the Kidney in the Fœtus and Infant&rdquo; is printed in the &ldquo;Transactions&rdquo; of the International medical congress at Copenhagen. &mdash; His wife, Mary Putnam, physician, b. in London, England, 31 Aug., 1842, is a daughter of George P. Putnam. She studied in the Philadelphia woman's medical college, then in the New York college of pharmacy, of which she was the first woman graduate, and in 1868 went to Paris, and was the first woman admitted

to the École de médecine, where she was graduated in 1871. She married in 1873 and has had three children. She was for twelve years dispensary physician in Mount Sinai hospital, became professor of materia medica in the Woman's medical college of the New York infirmary, and later a professor in the New York post-graduate medical school. In 1876 she was elected president of the Association for the advancement of the medical education of women. She is the author of &ldquo;The Question of Rest for Women during Menstruation,&rdquo; an essay that won the Boylston prize at Harvard university in 1876; &ldquo;The Value of Life&rdquo; (New York, 1879); &ldquo;Cold Pack and Anæmia&rdquo; (1880); &ldquo;Studies in Endometritis&rdquo; in the &ldquo;American Journal of Obstetrics&rdquo; (1885); the articles on &ldquo;Infantile Paralysis&rdquo; and &ldquo;Pseudo-Muscular Hypertrophy&rdquo; in Pepper's &ldquo;Archives of Medicine&rdquo;; and &ldquo;Hysteria, and other Essays&rdquo; (1888).

JACOBS, Ferris, soldier, b. in Delhi, N. Y., 20 March, 1836 ; d. in White Plains, N. Y., 31 Aug., 1881. He was graduated at Williams in 1856, studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1859, and practised in Delhi. Joining a New York regi- ment of volunteer cavalry, he served through the civil war, rising to the rank of colonel, and at its close was brevetted brigadier-general. He subse- quently served two terms as district attorney of Delaware county, N. Y., and in 1880 was elected to congress as a Republican.

JACOBS, George, clergyman,' b. in Kingston, Jamaica, 24 Sept., 1834. He came to the United States in 1854, and in 1857 was chosen minister of a Richmond synagogue. In 1869 he was called to the pastorate of a Philadelphia synagogue, where his influence was felt in educational and charitable work. He wrote several Sunday-school books, and was a frequent contributor to the Jewish press.

JACOBS, John Adamson, educator, b. in Leesburg, Va., 19 Aug., 1806 ; d. in Danville, Ky., 27 Nov., 1869. He was taken by his parents in infancy to Kentucky, was left an orphan at thir- teen years of age, and assisted by an uncle to obtain an education. He studied in Centre col- lege, Ky., and at eighteen years of age was made superintendent and teacher of the deaf and dumb in the institution that had been recently estab- lished under state auspices in Danville. To fit himself for this service he spent eighteen months in the deaf-mute institution at Hartford, Conn. Until 1854 he was allowed any profits that might accrue on the boarding department proceeds : but in that year he voluntarily gave it up, thus saving at the time $2,500 per annum to the state. He died after forty-five years of service in the institution. Mr. Jacobs published a manual of lessons for his Kupils (1834), and "Primary Lessons for Deaf- lutes," which received many commendations on both sides of the Atlantic (2 vols.. 1859). — His nephew, John Adamson, educator, b. in Cass county, Mich., 6 Nov., 1839, was educated in Mis- souri, and removed to Danville, Ky., where, at twenty years of age, he was appointed assistant teacher in the deaf and dumb asylum. In 1862 he entered the National army, and served through the civil war, taking part in many campaigns and battles. In 1865 he resumed his position as teacher in the asylum, and in 1869, on the death of his uncle, he was unanimously chosen by the trustees to succeed him as superintendent of the institution.

JACOBS, Michael, educator, b. in Waynesborough, Pa., 18 Jan., 1808 ; d. in Gettysburg, Pa., 22 July, 1871. He was graduated at Jefferson college in 1828, and, after teaching in Maryland, went to Gettysburg to assist his brother David in 1829, tak-