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384 painted by Vallé, a French artist, and presented by Jackson to his friend Livingston, with the following note, written at his headquarters, New Orleans, 1 May, 1815: &ldquo;Mr. E. Livingston is requested to accept this picture as a mark of the sense I entertain of his public services, and as a token of my private friendship and esteem.&rdquo; The full-length portrait from a painting by Earl, prefixed to Parton's third volume, is said to be the best representation of Jackson as he appeared upon the street. &mdash; His wife, Rachel, b. in 1767; d. at The Hermitage, Tenn., 22 Dec., 1828, was the daughter of Col. John Donelson, a wealthy Virginia surveyor, who owned extensive iron-works in Pittsylvania County, Va., but sold them in 1779 and settled in French Salt Springs, where the city of Nashville now stands. He kept an account of his journey thither, entitled &ldquo;Journal of a Voyage, intended by God's Permission, in the Good Boat 'Adventure,' from Fort Patrick Henry, on Holston River, to the French Salt Springs, on Cumberland River, kept by John Donelson.&rdquo; Subsequently he removed to Kentucky, where he had several land-claims, and, after his daughter's marriage to Capt. Lewis Robards, he returned to Tennessee, where he was murdered by unknown persons in the autumn of 1785. (For an account of the peculiar circumstances of her marriage to Jackson, see page 374.) Mrs. Jackson went to New Orleans after the battle, and was presented by the ladies of that city with a set of topaz jewelry. In her portrait at the Hermitage, painted by Earle, she wears the dress in which she appeared at the ball that was given in New Orleans in honor of her husband, and of which the accompanying vignette is a copy. She went with Gen. Jackson to Florida in 1821, to Washington and Charleston in 1824, and to New Orleans in 1828. For many years she had suffered from an affection of the heart, which was augmented by various reports that were in circulation regarding her previous career, and her death was hastened by overhearing a magnified account of her experiences. She was possessed of a kind and attractive manner, was deeply religious and charitable, and adverse to public life. &mdash; Their niece, Emily, b. in Tennessee; d. there in December, 1836, was the youngest daughter of Capt. John Donelson and the wife of Andrew J. Donelson (q. v.). She presided in the White House during the administration of President Jackson, who always spoke of her as &ldquo;my daughter.&rdquo; During the Eaton controversy (see ../Eaton, John Henry) she received Mrs. Eaton on public occasions, but refused to recognize her socially. &mdash; His daughter-in-law, Sarah York, the wife of his adopted son, Andrew Jackson, b. in 1806; d. at the Hermitage, Nashville, Tenn., 23 Aug., 1887, also presided at the White House during President Jackson's administration. Her son, Andrew, was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1858, and served in the Confederate army, in which he was colonel.

JACKSON, Charles Davis, clergyman, b. in Salem, Mass., 15 Dec, 1811 ; d. in Westchester, N. Y., 28 June, 1871. He was graduated at Dart- mouth in 1833, and at Andover theological semi- nary in 1838. He then became professor of Latin and Greek in Lane seminary, Ohio, was afterward head of a classical school in Petersburg, Va., taught at Flushing, L. I., and in 1842 was ordained priest in the Protestant Episcopal church. He officiated as rector of St. Luke's church, Rossville, Staten Island, and at St. Peter's, Westchester, N. Y., from 1843 till 1871, and received the degree of D. D. from Norwich university in 1859. He published a series of articles on popular education in the " Church Review," and he is the author of " Suffering Here, Glory Hereafter " (New York, 1872).

JACKSON, Charles Loring, chemist, b. in Boston, Mass., 4 April, 1847. He was graduated at Harvard in 1867, and in 1868 was appointed as- sistant in chemistry there. Three years later he became assistant professor of chemistry, and in 1881 was made full professor. Meanwhile he vis- ited Germany, and in 1873 studied in Heidelberg under Bunsen, and later in Berlin under Hof mann. He is a member of the American academy of arts and sciences, and in 1883 was elected to member- ship in the National academy of sciences. His original investigations began in 1874, while in Ber- lin, with researches on the organic selenium com- pounds. From 1875 till 1883 he was engaged in work on the substituted benzyl compounds, which he described in a series of about twelve papers. During 1882-'3 he was engaged in the study of cer- tain compounds obtained from turmeric, compris- ing the determination of the composition of curcu- mine, the coloring principle, and its relation to vanillin with the discovery of turmerol, the alco- hol to which turmeric owes its taste and smell. He discovered in 1883-'4 a new method for the preparation of borneol from camphor, which is considered the best method that has been found as yet. In 1885 he published a new method for pre- paring organic fluorine compounds, and in 1887 his researches included a new and simple method of making the higher sulphonic acids. The pres- ent knowledge of the haloid benzyl compounds is due almost exclusively to his investigations, which have been variously published, and includes some thirty-eight titles in all. His " Lecture Notes in Chemistry " (1878) have been printed privately.

JACKSON, Charles Thomas, scientist, b. in Plymouth, Mass., 21 June, 1805 ; d. in Somerville, Mass., 28 Aug., 1880. He was graduated at the Harvard medical college in 1829, but previously, with Francis Alger, had made a geological and mineralogical survey of Nova Scotia, of which he published a preliminary account in 1827 and a fuller description in 1829. Dr. Jackson then went to Europe and pursued medical and scientific studies in Paris, where he met many distinguished men, including Elie de Beaumont, the geologist, with whom he maintained a life-long friendship. In 1831 he made a pedestrian tour through central Europe, and, visiting Vienna during the prevalence of the cholera, he assisted in the dissection of the bodies of two hundred victims of that disease. In 1832 he published a detailed account of his observations in the " Boston Medical Journal." While in Paris his attention was directed to recent discoveries in electricity and magnetism, and accordingly experimented with a view to the utilization of electricity for telegraphy. On his home- ward voyage, in 1832, he communicated his ideas to Samuel F. B. Morse, who, as it was afterward shown, had no previous acquaintance with the sub-