Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1892, volume 3).djvu/405

Rh JACINTHA DO SAN JOSÉ (zhah-sin'-tah), Brazilian nun, b. in Rio Janeiro, 15 Oct., 1716; d. 2 Oct., 1768. In early life she wished to enter a convent; but her father opposed her desire. At his death she and her sister Francisca retired to a hut and began the life of nuns under the patronage of Santa Teresa. Though the two sisters were at first unnoticed, some time afterward they suffered persecution till 1748, when they were protected by the governor, Gomes Freire de Andrada. In 1749 Jacintha built a convent, assisted by the generosity of the governor. As neither the bishop nor the home government had approved the establishment of the order, she went to Lisbon and thence to Rome, in 1759, and in both places the establishment of the convent was approved. In Lisbon she witnessed the earthquake of 1759, and for days assisted the wounded, until she herself fell sick from overwork. In 1756 she returned and founded a school for girls, which she annexed to the convent, and which for several years was the only institution of the kind in Brazil. Jacintha then began a hospital for destitute women; but her protector, Gomes Freire, dying in 1763, the work progressed slowly, and she followed him before the day appointed for its public consecration. Jacintha published &ldquo;Devocionario,&rdquo; and several poetical compositions which are highly esteemed.

JACKER, Edward, missionary, b. in Swabia, Germany, about 1830; d. in Red Jacket, Lake Superior, in August, 1887. He received a thorough education, studied theology, was ordained a priest of the Roman Catholic church, and came to the United States as a missionary to the Indians, among whom he passed his life. He served as vicar-general to Frederic Baraga, bishop of Marquette, and was the bishop's inseparable companion in his journeys and labors for several years before the latter's death in 1867. He was mentioned at the time in connection with the vacant bishopric, but his tastes led him to avoid official power and responsibility. He was thoroughly conversant with the Indian languages, especially with the dialect spoken by the Chippewas, and wrote in the latter and published a selection of hymns and other works. Father Jacker was a man of great erudition, an enthusiastic worker, and a delightful companion, being one of the best known and most highly esteemed missionaries in the Lake Superior region. He contributed various interesting articles on the Indian tribes to the Philadelphia &ldquo;Catholic Quarterly Review.&rdquo;

JACKSON, Abner, clergyman, b. near Wash- ington, Pa., 4 Nov., 1811 ; d. in Hartford, Conn., 19 April, 1874. He studied first at Washington college, Pa., and was graduated at Washington (now Trinity) college, Hartford, Conn., in 1837 with the valedictory. He immediately received an appointment as tutor in the college, a year later was chosen adjunct professor of ancient languages, and in 1840 was appointed the first professor of intellectual and moral philosophy. While dis- charging the duties of this chair during a period of eighteen years, he also gave instruction in Latin, and for a considerable part of the time he lectured on chemistry. In 1858 Dr. Jackson ac- cepted an election to the presidency and the pro- fessorship of the evidences of Christianity at Ho- bart college, Geneva, N. Y. From this post he was recalled to Trinity in 1867, the trustees having unanimously chosen him to be president and professor of ethics and metaphysics. After a visit to Europe he entered on his new duties, in which he was engaged at the time of his death. Trinity college having sold its grounds to the city of Hartford as the site for the new state-house of Connecticut, it became necessary to select a new site and to secure plans for new buildings. Dr. Jack- son labored at this task diligently and with much enthusiasm, and spent the summers of 1872 and 1873 in England in the study of architecture and the preparation of elaborate plans, which have been carried out only in part. Dr. Jackson was ordained to the ministry by Bishop Brownell on 2 Sept., 1838. He received the degree of D. D. from Trinity in 1858, and that of LL. D. from Columbia in 1866. A volume of his sermons was published after his death (New York, 1875).

JACKSON, Andrew, seventh president of the United States, b. in the Waxhaw settlement on the border between North and South Carolina, 15 March, 1767; d. at the Hermitage, near Nashville, Tenn., 8 June, 1845. His father, Andrew Jackson, came over from Carrickfergus, on the north coast of Ireland, in 1765. His grandfather, Hugh Jackson, had been a linen-draper. His mother's name was Elizabeth Hutchinson, and her family were linen-weavers. Andrew Jackson, the father, died a few days before the birth of his son. The log cabin in which the future president was born was situated within a quarter of a mile of the boundary between the two Carolinas, and the people of the neighborhood do not seem to have had a clear idea as to which province it belonged. In a letter of 24 Dec., 1830, in the proclamation addressed to the nullifiers, in 1832, and again in his will, Gen. Jackson speaks of himself as a native of South Carolina; but the evidence adduced by Parton seems to show that the birthplace was north of the border. Three weeks after the birth of her son Mrs. Jackson moved to the house of her brother-in-law, Mr. Crawford, just over the border in South Carolina, near the Waxhaw creek, and there his early years were passed. His education, obtained in an &ldquo;old-field school,&rdquo; consisted of little more than the &ldquo;three R's,&rdquo; and even in that limited sphere his attainments were but scanty. He never learned, in the course of his life, to write English correctly. His career as a fighter began early. In the spring and early summer of 1780, after the disastrous surrender of Lincoln's army at Charleston, the whole of South Carolina was overrun by the British. On 6 Aug. Jackson was present at Hanging Rock when Sumter surprised and destroyed a British regiment. Two of his brothers, as well as his mother, died from hardships sustained in the war. In after years he could remember how he had been carried as prisoner to Camden and nearly starved there, and how a brutal officer had cut him with a sword because he refused to clean his boots; these reminiscences kept alive his hatred for the British, and doubtless gave unction to the tremendous blow dealt them at New Orleans. In 1781, left quite alone in the world, he was apprenticed for a while to a saddler. At one time he is said to have done a little teaching in an &ldquo;old-field school.&rdquo; At the age of eighteen he entered the law-office of Spruce McCay, in Salisbury. While there he was said to have been &ldquo;the most roaring, rollicking, game-cocking, horse-racing, card-playing, mischievous fellow&rdquo; that had ever been seen in that town. Many and plentiful were the wild-oat crops sown at that