Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1892, volume 3).djvu/387

Rh est and most notable of Kentucky pioneers, built Irvine station, in Madison county, in 1778, and took part in most of the bloody frays with the savages at the time. He was at Little Mountain, where Capt. Estill and eighteen riflemen fought twenty -five Wyandot braves, and was badly wounded. He became clerk of the quarter ses- sions and county courts of Madison county, and afterward of the circuit court, was elected to the burgesses of Virginia from the district of Ken- tucky, was a delegate to the several conventions at Danville looking to the organization of a new state, and a member of the convention of 1799, which framed the second constitution of Kentucky. He was also several times a presidential elector.— His brother, Christopher, pioneer, d. in Ohio in 1786, was the comrade of William in all his pioneer adventures. The brothers jointly built and occu- pied the Irvine station. In 1786 Christopher led a company of men, under the command of Col. Ben Logan, against the Indians in northern Ohio, and was killed by a savage whom he was pursuing, and who, in turn, was killed by Irvine's men.

IRVING, Jacob Æmilius, Canadian states- man, b. in Charleston, S. C, 29 Jan., 1797; d. at Niagara Falls, 7 Oct., 1856. He was the son of Jacob JEmilius Irving, of Ironshore, Jamaica, and •of Liverpool. The son entered the British army at an early age, served with the 13th light dragoons through the Waterloo campaign, and was wounded in the action of 18 June, 1815. On his return to England he was presented with the freedom of the •city of Liverpool in recognition of his gallant con- duct and services in the war. In 1834 he came to Canada, and in 1837 aided in suppressing the re- bellion on the Niagara frontier. When the mu- nicipal system was introduced he was selected as first warden for the district of Simcoe. In 1843 he became a member of the legislative council, and, identifying himself with the Liberal party, took part in the struggle with Lord Metcalf.

IRVING, John Beaufain, artist, b. in Charles- ton, S. C, 26 Nov., 1825 ; d. in New York city, 20 April, 1877. He was educated at Charleston col- lege, and undertook the management of the fami- ly estate. He went to New York city to study painting in 1847, but after a few months returned •discouraged to his home. In 1851 he went to Diis- seldorf, where he became the pupil of Leutze. He remained in that city four years, and while there •executed a large picture representing " Sir Thomas More taking Leave of his Daughter on the Way to his Execution." On his return to Charleston he painted portraits, but did not follow art as a profession until after the close of the civil war, when, having lost his fortune, he removed to New York city. He painted genre pictures, which at- tracted attention by their spirited composition, richness of coloring, and elaborate finish. His refined style, careful manipulation of the brush, and brilliant scheme of color, suggested, without imitating, the Diisseldorf school, and caused him to be compared later to Meissonier. He carried his art to a degree of minute elaboration beyond any other American painter, but was less happy in the treatment of • historical subjects than in genre. In 1867 he exhibited at the Academy of design "The Splinter " and " The Disclosure." " Wine-Tasters," exhibited in 1869, secured his election as an associate of the National academy. In 1871 he sent a full-length portrait of Mrs. August Belmont. "The End of the Game," exhibited in 1872, estab- lished his reputation, and in that year he was •chosen a full member of the academy. In 1874 he exhibited " A Musketeer of the Seventeenth Cen- tury " and " The Bookworm," and in 1875 " Cardi- nal Wolsey and his Friends," which, with " The End of the Game," was sent to the Centennial ex- hibition in 1876. The same year he painted " King Henry VIII. Merry-making." He sent to the academy in 1876 " Off the Track." and in 1877 " A Banquet at Hampton Court in the Sixteenth Cen- tury." " The Last Rally " is one of his best pictures. His " Connoisseurs " was exhibited at the Paris ex- position of 1878. His last work was "Cardinal Richelieu and Julie in the Garden of the Tuileries." IRVING, Paulus .Km i litis, British soldier, b. in Bonshaw, Dumfries, Scotland, 23 Sept., 1714 ; d. in England, 22 April, 1796. He entered the army at an early age, and, as major in command of the 15th' regiment of foot, served under Wolfe, and was wounded on the Plains of Abraham. On 30 June, 1765, being then commander-in-chief of the forces, he administered the government of the province of Quebec during the absence of Gen. Murray. In 1771 he was appointed lieutenant- governor of Guernsey, and he was afterward gov- ernor of Upnor Castle, Kent. — His son, Sir Paulus jKmilius, bart., British soldier, b. in Waterford, Ireland, 30 Aug., 1751 ; d. in Carlisle, England, 31 Jan., 1828, entered the army, and was lieutenant of the 47th regiment of foot in 1764, captain in 1768, and major in 1775. He was engaged in the bat- tles of Lexington and Bunker Hill, at the affair of Three Rivers in June, 1776, at Crown Point and Ticonderoga, and was with Burgoyne till his sur- render. He subsequently served in the West In- dies, was made a general in 1812, and created a baronet. 19 Sept., 1809.

IRVING, Roland Duer, geologist, b. in New York city, 27 April, 1847; d. in Madison, Wis., 30 May, 1888. He was graduated at Columbia as a mining engineer, and in 1879 received the degree of Ph. D. from that institution. Soon after his graduation he became assistant on the Ohio geological survey, and in 1870 was elected professor of geology, mining, and metallurgy in the University of Wisconsin. In 1879 the title of his chair was changed to that of geology and mineralogy, which professorship he afterward held. He became assistant state geologist of Wisconsin in 1873, and continued as such until 1879. During 1880-'2 he was one of the U. S. census experts, and in 1882 was made geologist in charge of the Lake Superior division of the U. S. geological survey. His specialty was the micro-petrography of the fragmental rocks and crystalline schists, and his best work was accomplished in the direction of pre-Cambrian stratigraphy and the genesis of some of the so-called crystalline rocks, particularly of the quartzites and ferruginous iron rocks of the Lake Superior regions. Prof. Irving was a member of scientific societies to whose transactions he contributed important papers. His publications under the auspices of the Wisconsin geological survey include "Geology of Central Wisconsin " (Madison, 1877); "Geology of the Lake Superior Region " (1880); "Crystalline Rocks of the Wisconsin Valley" (1882); "Mineralogy and Lithology of Wisconsin" (1883); and he contributed the reports of the U. S. geological survev to " The Copper-Bearing Rocks of Lake Superior" (Washington, 1883); "On Secondary Enlargements of Mineral Fragments in Certain Rocks" (1884); with Charles R. Vanhise, "The Archa?an Formations of the Northwestern States " (1885) ; with Thomas C. Chamberlain, "The Junction between the Eastern Sandstone and the Keweenaw Series, Keweenaw Point, Lake Superior" (1885) ; and " The Classification of the Early Cambrian and Pre-Cambrian Formations " (1886).