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356 diseases of women and children in the Louisville medical college, and was afterward chosen dean of that institution.

IRELAND, Joseph Norton, author, b. in New York city, 24 April, 1817. He was educated in private schools in his native city and at the public academy in Bedford, N. Y. His career has been that of a merchant in New York. Since 1853 Mr. Ireland has resided in Bridgeport, Conn. His publications include " Records of the New York Stage from 1750 to 1860" (New York, 1866), and " Memorials of Mrs. Duff " (Boston, 1882). Besides these volumes, Mr. Ireland has contributed various monographs on " Actors and Actresses of Great Britain and the United States" (New York, 1886).

IRIBARREN, Juan Cruillermo (e-re-bar'-ren), Venezuelan soldier, b. in Barquisimeto, 25 March, 1797; d. in Caracas, 28 April, 1827. In 1810 he was sent to the Seminary of the Trinity in Caracas, but in 1814, desiring to take part in the struggle for independence, ran away from school, and after many privations presented himself to Gen. Paez, who enrolled him in his force. He made his first campaign under Gen. LTrdaneta, and formed part of the troop that, under Jose Maria Rodriguez, executed the march from San Carlos in relief of Valencia. After the victory of Arichuana, Paez promoted him lieutenant, and after that of Yagual, in 1816, captain. After the battle of Mucuritas in January, 1817, he was promoted major. In 1817, at the head of 500 lancers, he surprised and totally routed 1,500 Spaniards who were intrenched in a strong position at Banco Largo, and Paez ordered a special gold medal to be struck for Iribarren, with the inscription " For marvellous intrepidity." This was the only medal of that class that was granted during the war of independence. With the Venezuelan prisoners that he had taken from the Spaniards, Iribarren formed a regiment of hussars, which he called Bravos de Paez, and, after promotion to lieutenant-colonel and colonel, com- pelled Morillo to evacuate Calabozo in February, 1818. He took part in the campaign of that year, and after the battle of Cojedes, in October, was ap- pointed by Bolivar a member of the order of Liber- tadores, receiving the grand cross of that order in 1819 after the battle of Queseras del Medio. After the battle of Carabobo he was detached for the pursuit of small bodies of the enemy, and soon pacified the country. In 1824, as military com- mander of Calabozo, he pursued with only two men a body of eighty-two mutinous soldiers, killing the captain and a private, when the rest of the rebels surrendered to him. In March, 1827, he was pro- moted brigadier-general.

IRIGOYEN, Bernardo de (e-re-goy'-en), Ar- gentine statesman, b. in Buenos Ayres, 28 June, 1823. He studied law in the university of his na- tive city, was graduated in 1843, and began to practise at the bar. In 1845 the dictator sent him to the city of Mendoza to assist the authori- ties in quelling a revolution, and afterward em- ployed him in various public offices. On the down- fall of the dictator in 1852, Irigoyen gave himself to his law practice, and attained eminence at the bar. When Avellaneda was elected president in 1874, he called Irigoyen to form part of his min- istry, and appointed him secretary of foreign rela- tions, in which capacity he contributed greatly to maintain friendly relations with foreign nations, especially with Chili. He also concluded several treaties of commerce with European nations, which greatly benefited his country, and fostered emigration, which has given a powerful impulse to the prosperity of the Argentine Republic. He held the same office during the administration of Gen. Roca, and settled the Patagonia boundary question with Chili, which at one time had threatened to result in war, by the treaty of 1881. He also prepared the basis of an arrangement of the dis- puted boundary with Brazil. At the end of 1884 Irigoyen resigned his portfolio, as he had been proclaimed a candidate for the presidency by the Federal party and by part of the National autono- mist party. He was defeated by the opposition candidate, Juarez Celman, and returned to his practice as a lawyer, but was soon elected senator to the Federal congress.

IRISARRI, Antonio Jose de (e-re-sar'-re), South American statesman, b. in the city of Guatemala, 7 Feb., 1786 ; d. in Brooklyn, N. Y., 10 June, 1868. He studied in his native city and in Europe, whence he was recalled at the death of his father in 1805. In 1809 he visited Chili, and, having married an heiress, took up his residence in that country, and joined with enthusiasm the movement for independence in 1810. He had charge of important public offices during the struggle for liberty, including the command of the National guard and the civil and military government of the province of Santiago, and from 7 to 14 March, 1814, he was temporarily in charge of the supreme direction of the nation. In 1818 he was appointed minister of the interior and foreign relations, and in October of the same year he went to Buenos Ayres as minister. At the end of 1819 he was sent to London, where he negotiated a loan of $5,000,000. He was sent to Central America in 1827 as minister for Chili, and in 1837 to Peru. He was minister to Ecuador from 1839 till 1845, and in 1846-'8 to Colombia, but resigned, and went to Curacoa in 1849, and in 1850 to the United States, where he resided till his death. The governments of Guatemala and Salvador appointed him, in 1855, their minister to Washington, and for a long time he was dean of the diplomatic corps. Irisarri continued his literary work in the United States, and was generally esteemed for his knowledge, genial character, and polished manners. Irisarri was chief editor of the " Seminario Republicano de Chili " in Santiago in 1813 ; of " El Duende " in the same city in 1818 ; of " El Censor Americano " in London in 1820 ; of "El Guatemalteco " in Guatemala in 1828 ; of "La Verdad des nuda," " La Balanza," and " El Correo " in Guayaquil in 1839-'43 ; of " La Concordia " in Quito in 1844-'5 ; of " Nosotros," " Orden y Libertad," and " El Cristiano Errante " in Bogota in 1846-'7 ; and of " El Revisor " in Curacoa in 1849, the publication of which he continued in New York. He also published " La defensa de la historia critica del asesinato cometido en la persona del Gran Mariseal de Ayacucho " (Quito, 1845) ; " Memoria biografica del Arzobispo Mosquera" (Bogota, 1848); a collection of his satirical poems, a novel, " Cuestiones Filologicas," and several pamphlets. — His son, Hermojenes, Chilian poet, b. in Santiago, 19 April, 1819, began his career as a public writer in " El Seminario," of Santiago, in 1840, and has since been a contributor in prose and verse to a number of the literary papers and magazines of Chili. He was the director of the biographical work " Galeria de hombres celebres de Chili." In 1857 he was elected deputy to the National congress. In 1860 he was honored by the five Central American republics with the appointment as their representative in Chili, and in 1863 went in that capacity to Peru, where for some time he was editor of the political paper " El Heraldo de Lima." In 1866 he returned to Chili, and in the same year was elected deputy and vice-president of congress. President Perez