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338 IBAÑEZ, Adolfo (e-ban'-yeth), Chilian states- man, b. in Santiago, 15 June, 1829. He was gradu- ated in law at the university of his native city, was appointed in 1850 district attorney for the superior court of Serena, and in 1856 judge of the superior court of Ancud. In 1870 he was sent by Presi- dent Perez as minister to Peru, and to him was due the satisfactory arrangement of some differences that had arisen out of the treaty of alliance which the two republics had formed against Spain. He returned to Chili in 1872 to take charge of the port- folio of foreign relations and colonization, and in this office he brought the question of the boundary between his country and Bolivia to a conclusion, and began the claims against the Argentine Repub- lic regarding the territory of Patagonia. He also fostered colonization, and succeeded in attracting a steady current of emigration. He was elected deputy to congress in 1874 for the city of Santiago, and in 1876 to the senate for the province of that name. In 1877 he was sent as minister to London, and in the next year to Washington, where he suc- cessfully concluded a special mission. In 1879 he returned to Chili, resuming his seat in the senate, where he contributed greatly to the favorable termi- nation of the war between Chili and Peru. In 1882 he was called by President Santa Maria to take charge again of the portfolio of foreign relations, but in the same year was elected senator for the province of Santiago for the full term of six years.

IBARRA, Andres (e-bar'-rah), Venezuelan sol- dier, b. in Caracas, 17 Aug., 1807 ; d. there, 23 Aug., 1875. By the advice of his relative, Simon Bolivar, he was sent to the United States, and afterward made a tour through Europe, to finish his educa- tion. He returned to Venezuela in 1826, entered the military service in 1827, as adjutant on Bolivar's staff, and saved the life of that general on 25 Sept., 1828 (see Bolivar, Simon), by defending, with a few others, the doors of the government palace against his would-be assassins. Ibarra was wounded on this occasion. He accompanied Bolivar in his cam- paign against Peru, and also participated in the pacification of the provinces of Pasto and Popayan, which had revolted in 1830. He accompanied Boli- var in his exile, and was at his bedside during his last moments. Afterward Ibarra was promoted major by the government of Bogota, served under Gen. Montilla at Cartagena, and, when that city capitulated, emigrated to the United States. Early in 1835 he returned to Venezuela, and on 8 July of that year took part in a revolution that had but a short-lived success. After a brief exile, Ibarra re- turned, and retired to private life till 1848, when he was called into service by Gen. Monagas, pro- moted colonel, and served in several civil and mili- tary offices. In 1862 he was promoted general, and served the different governments in the sup- pression of repeated revolutionary movements. In 1868 he was elected to the Federal senate for the state of Aragua. At his decease he was honored by a public funeral, and on 24 Aug., 1876, his body was transferred to the National pantheon.

IBARRA, Francisco de, Spanish explorer, b. in Spain in the beginning of the 16th century : d. in Chametla, Mexico, in 1572. About 1554 he came to Mexico, and was appointed governor of the Zacatecas Indians. Learning from the natives of the promising countries to the north, he formed a party and set out to explore them, visiting places that he called San Lucas, San Martin, and Som- brerete. The rich silver-mines of the latter place attracted his attention, and after a long struggle with the natives, who were at last subdued and pacified, Ibarra founded the villages of San .Martin and Nombre de Dios. He was then promoted to a captaincy, and in the autumn of the same year he led his company to what is now New Mexico, dis- covering the rich mines of Inde and San Juan, find founding the cities of Durango and Santa Barbara in the territory that he called Nueva Viscaya. From this place he travelled northwest. He founded the cities of Cinaloa, Chametla, and San Sebastian, and then, passed through Chihuahua, Sonora, part of California, and New Mexico, to San Lucas. On his return to the colony of Sombrerete he rendered great service to the Spaniards by sub- duing Indian revolts. He wrote several letters to the court, most of which are preserved, and have been published by the government of Spain.

IBARRA, Jose, Mexican artist, b. in the city of Mexico in 1688 ; d. there, 22 Nov., 1756. He was a pupil of Correa, and was specially famous for the richness of his color, for which he has been called the Murillo of Mexico. His paintings still preserve their brilliancy of color, his specialty be- ing the execution of religious subjects, which are noted for correctness of design and perspective, and are found in many parts of Mexico ; the most famous are two allegorical pictures, in the great hall of San Ildefonso, a " Circumcision," hanging in the academy of San Carlos, and a " Calvary," in private possession in Texcoco, which is considered his best work. The academy possesses a collection of his small pictures, representing incidents in the life of the Virgin and Christ.

IBERCOURT, Henry Louis d' (e-bair-koor), Flemish traveller, b. in Mons in 1771 ; d. in Char- leroi in 1818. He entered the Spanish service at the age of sixteen, and was in garrison for several years in Jamaica, where he took part in the repres- sion of the troubles of 1791, but resigned soon afterward on inheriting a large estate, and indulged his taste for travel. He visited Cuba, Porto Rico, and Santo Domingo, where he was elected colonel by the negro insurgents in 1797, but declined, and then sailed for South America. He explored Brazil for six years, and afterward visited Para- guay, the Argentine provinces, Chili, and Pata- gonia, where he was detained two years a prisoner by the natives, and, as he says, refused their offer to make him their king. He went to the United States in 1807, afterward to Japan, and returned to Europe by way of India in 1811. He published " L'Amerique devoilee," in which he predicted that the United States would very soon exceed Europe in civilization and science (Charleroi, 1811); " Du nord a Test et du sud a l'ouest du Bresil" (1812); " Voyage en Chili " (1812) ; " Un voyageur captif en Patagonie," a novel (1814); "Nouveau traite sur les legumineuses de PAmerique du Sud " (1815) : " La constitution des Etats-Unis, est-elle applicable a l'Europe ? " a pamphlet which brought the author before the Dutch courts, and caused him a condemnation to two months' imprisonment (1818) ; and several other works.

IBERVILLE, Pierre le Moyne, Sieur d’, founder of Louisiana, b. in Montreal, Canada, 16 July, 1661 ; d. in Havana, Cuba, 9 July, 1706. He was one of the older sons of Charles le Moyne (q. v.), and with his brothers, Serigny, Bienville (q. v.), and Chateaugay, was prominent in the early