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12 GUIGUES, Joseph Eugene Bruno, Canadian R. C. bishop, b. in Gap, France, 28 Aug., 1805 ; d. in Ottawa, Canada, 9 Feb., 1874. He decided early in life to devote himself to the church, and entered the congregation of the Oblate Fathers. He soon gained the highest rank in the order, was sent to Canada on a special mission in 1844, and shortly afterward appointed superior and perpetual visitor of the Oblates of Canada. In 1847 the see of Ottawa was created, and, at the request of the bishop of Montreal, Father Guigues was nominated its first bishop, and was consecrated 30 July, 1848. The country under his jurisdiction was at this time sparsely settled, and most of the population was of a floating character. His whole diocese contained only five priests and between four and five thousand Roman Catholics. He set to work to obtain priests from France and Ireland, and his success increased the tide of emigration, which was beginning to flow into the valley of the Otta- wa. He established a house of the Oblate Fathers at Notre Dame du Desert, a hundred miles from the city of Ottawa, which supplied him abundantly with missionaries. Another mission was founded at Temiscaming. He was instrumental in found- ing the College of Ottawa, opened institutions that were conducted by the Sisters of Charity and the Sisters of the Good Shepherd, and established a large number of schools under the care of the Christian Brothers. An orphanage at Ottawa, and houses of refuge for the infirm and old, owed their existence to him. He was particularly anxious to strengthen the French element in Upper Canada, and contributed much to arrest the emigration which had been setting eastward, while his aid and advice drew many French Canadians to settle in the valley of the Ottawa. At his death the num- ber of priests had increased from five to seventy- five. There were a hundred and fifteen churches in the diocese, and the number of Roman Catholics was considerably over seventy-five thousand.

GUILD, Curtis, journalist, b. in Boston, Mass., 13 Jan., 1827. He Was educated in the Boston public schools, and at sixteen years of age entered a merchant's office, but in 1847 became connected with the Boston "Daily Journal," and has since devoted himself to journalism. He founded in 1859 the Boston " Commercial Bulletin," and since that date has been its editor-in-chief. Mr. Guild was president of the Boston commercial club in 1882-'3, and has been president of the Bostonian society since 1882. For more than forty years he has contributed to almost every department of current literature. He is the author of " Over the Ocean," a series of sketches of European travel, first published in the " Commercial Bulletin " (Bos- ton, 1871) ; and " Abroad Again " (1876).

GUILD, Reuben Aldridge, author, b. in West Dedham, Mass., 4 May, 1822. He was graduated at Brown in 1847, and in 1848 was appointed libra- rian of the university, which place he has held to the present time (1887). Under his charge the library as increased from 17,000 to 66,000 volumes. In 1878 a fire-proof library building was completed, in accordance with his own wishes and sugges- tions. The classification of the library, the ar- rangement of the books, and the card catalogue, have been highly approved. In 1874 he received the honorary degree of LL. D. from Shurtleff col- lege. In 1877 he travelled in England and Scot- land, visiting the great libraries of Oxford, Cam- bridge, London, Edinburgh, and Glasgow. Be- sides current articles, including many on Free- masonry, he is the author of " Librarian's Manual, a Treatise on Bibliography, with Sketches of Pub- he Libraries" (New York, 1858); "Life, Times, and Correspondence of James Manning, and the Early History of Brown University (Boston, 1864) ; " History of Brown University, with Illus- trative Documents " (Providence, 1867) ; " Bio- graphical Introduction to the Writings of Roger Williams" (1866); " Chaplain Smith and the Bap- tists " (Philadelphia, 1885) ; and has edited " Rhode Island in the Continental Congress, 1765-1790," by William R. Staples (Providence, 1870) ; " Lit- erary and Theological Addresses of Alva Woods," with a life (1868); "Letter of John Cotton, and Roger Williams's Reply " (1866) ; and " Queries of Highest Consideration," by Roger Williams (1867).

GUINZBERG, Aaron, rabbi, b. in Prague, Bohemia, in 1812 ; d. in Boston, Mass., 20 July, 1873. After a thorough rabbinical and general education in his native city, he was appointed rabbi of Libochowitz, Bohemia. In 1846 he wrote a spirited defence of Judaism, and demanded political emancipation for the Jews of Austria. His work, "Dogniatisch-historisch Beleuchtung des alten Judenthums," was dedicated to Sir Moses Monte- fiore, but its tone was too liberal for the government, and soon after its publication he emigrated to the United States, where he officiated as rabbi in Balti- more, Rochester, and Boston. Dr. Guinzberg was a man of considerable erudition, which he strove to utilize for the moral advancement of his brethren and the vindication of his religion. He was favor- ably known as a teacher of distinction at various institutes of learning. He was a frequent con- tributor to the Jewish and general press, and his writings were usually of a polemic character. He belonged to the conservative school.

GULDIN, John C., clergyman, b. in Bucks county, Pa., in 1799 ; d. in New York city in 1863. He studied theology under Herman, and it is sup- posed that he was licensed to preach in 1820. Mr. Guldin was known as the "Apostle to the Germans." From 1820 till 1842 he preached in the counties of Chester, Montgomery, and Franklin, Pa., re- moved to New York in 1842, and was pastor of a congregation, and general missionary to the Ger- mans. He superintended the German publications of the American tract society, and was the chief editor of the hymn-book that has since been adopted by the Presbyterian church for the use of its German congregations.

GULICK, Peter Johnson, missionary, b. in Freehold, N. J., 12 March, 1797; d. in Kobe, Ja- pan, 8 Dec, 1877. He was graduated at Princeton in 1825, and studied for two years at the theo- logical seminary there. He was licensed to preach by the presbytery of New Brunswick in 1827, and was ordained by the same presbytery in October of that year. In November he left Boston for the Hawaiian islands under commission of the Ameri- can board of commissioners for foreign missions, and was stationed on various islands of the Ha- waiian kingdom. In 1874 he went to Japan, and there passed the last days of his life with a son who was also a missionary.

GUMILLA, José, Spanish missionary, b. in Barcelona, Spain, in 1690 : d. in Madrid in 1758. He entered the Jesuit order in 1708, and in 1714 was sent as a missionary to South America. He was sent into different provinces successively, and while performing the duties of his ministry was a close observer of the manners of the inhabitants. He gave all the time his missionary labors allowed him to the study of natural history, and during his journeys collected plants unknown in Europe, formed collections of insects, and dissected the animals that the Indians brought him after hunt-