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278 pal buildings in Toronto. From 1833 till 1856 he was drawing-master of Upper Canada college. In 1834 the first artists' society was formed in Toronto, and Mr. Howard was its vice-president and treasurer in 1847-'8. In 1883 the Marquis of Lome conferred upon him the title of royal Canadian academician. In 1873 Mr. Howard conveyed 120 acres of land at High Park to the corporation of Toronto as a public park, and at his death Colborne Lodge, where he resides, and forty-five acres more, are to become part of the new park. He also conveyed to the city of Toronto, in May, 1881, 127 paintings and sketches, by himself and his wife, in the gallery at Colborne Lodge, and afterward added his library to the gift.

HOWARD, John Purple, philanthropist, b. in Burlington, Vt., 3 June, 1814 ; d. in London, England, 10 Oct., 1885. After passing his early life in Burlington, he removed to New York city, where he engaged in business, and established several hotels, among which were the old Exchange, the Howard house, and the Irving hotel. Retiring with a large fortune, he devoted his later years to the care of his property and to foreign travel. His gifts to Burlington, Vt., exceeded $275,000.

HOWARD, Oliver Otis, soldier, b. in Leeds, Me., 8 Nov., 1830. He was graduated at Bowdoin in 1850, and at the U. S. military academy in 1854, became 1st lieutenant and instructor in mathematics in 1854, and resigned in 1861 to take command of the 3d Maine regiment. He commanded a brigade at the first battle of Bull Run, and for gallantry in that engagement was made brigadier-general of volunteers, 3 Sept., 1861. He was twice wounded at the battle of Fair Oaks, losing his right arm on 1 June, 1862, was on sick-leave for six months, and engaged in recruiting service till September of this year, when he participated in the battle of Antietam, and afterward took Gen. John Sedgwick's division in the 2d corps. In November, 1862, he became major-general of volunteers. He commanded the 11th corps during Gen. Joseph Hooker's operations in the vicinity of Fredericksburg, 2 May, 1863, served at Gettysburg, Lookout Valley, and Missionary Ridge, and was on the expedition for the relief of Knoxville in December, 1863. He was in occupation of Chattanooga from this time till July, 1864, when he was assigned to the Army of the Tennessee in the invasion of Georgia, was engaged at Dalton, Resaca, Adairsville, and Pickett's Mill, where he was again wounded, was at the surrender of Atlanta, and joined in pursuit of the Confederates in Alabama, under Gen. John B. Hood, from 4 Oct. till 13 Dec., 1864. In the march to the sea and the invasion of the Carolinas he commanded the right wing of Gen. William T. Sherman's army. He became brigadier-general in the U. S. army, 21 Dec., 1864. He was in command of the Army of the Tennessee, and engaged in all the important

battles from 4 Jan. till 26 April, 1865, occupying Goldsborough, N. C., 24 March, 1865, and participating in numerous skirmishes, terminating with the surrender of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston at Durham, N. C., 26 April, 1865. In March of this year he was brevetted major-general for gallantry at the battle of Ezra Church and the campaigns against Atlanta, Ga. He was commissioner of the Freedmen's bureau at Washington from March, 1865, till July, 1874, and in that year was assigned to the command of the Department of the Columbia. In 1877 he led the expedition against the Nez Perces Indians, and in 1878 led the campaign against the Bannocks and Piutes. In 1881-'2 he was superintendent of the U. S. military academy. In 1886 Gen. Howard was commissioned major-general, and given command of the division of the Pacific. Bowdoin college gave him the degree of A. M. in 1853, Waterville college that of LL. D. in 1865, Shurtleff college the same in 1865, and Gettysburg theological seminary in 1866. He was also made a chevalier of the Legion of honor by the French government in 1884. Gen. Howard has contributed various articles to magazines, his latest being an account of the Atlanta campaign in the &ldquo;Century&rdquo; for July, 1887, and has published &ldquo;Donald's School Days&rdquo; (1879); &ldquo;Chief Joseph, or the Nez Perces in Peace and War&rdquo; (1881); and is the author and translator of a &ldquo;Life of Count Agenor de Gasparin.&rdquo;

HOWARD, Simeon, clergyman, b. in Bridgewater, Me., 10 May, 1733; d t in Boston, 13 Aug., 1804. He was graduated at Harvard in 1758, and after teaching and at the same time studying theology, became pastor of a church in Cumberland, Nova Scotia. In 1765 he returned to Harvard as a resident graduate-student, and was appointed a tutor the following year. In 1767 he became pastor of the West church, Boston, where he ministered till his death, with the exception of a sojourn of a year and a half in Nova Scotia, where he and many of his congregation had gone to avoid the dangers of the Revolution. The degree of D. D. was conferred on him by Edinburgh university. He was an overseer and a fellow of Harvard, a member of the American academy of arts and sciences, and of the Society for propagating the gospel, and was vice-president of the Humane society. He published various sermons.

HOWARD, Volney E., lawyer, b. in Norridgewock, Me., about 1808 ; d. in Santa Monica, Cal., 14 May, 1889. He studied law, and, having been admit- ted to the bar, began to practise in 1830 in Vicksburg, Miss. In 1837 he was appointed reporter of the court of errors and appeal, and was during several years the editor of the "Mississippian," a Democratic newspaper published at Vicksburg. While in Mississippi Mr. Howard fought a duel with Sergeant S. Prentiss, and another with Alexander G. McNutt. He removed to San Antonio, Tex., in 1847, and was elected a representative from that state in two successive congresses, serving from 3 Dec, 1849, till 3 March, 1853. He took an active part in favor of the Missouri compromise measures, and was sent by the president of the United States to California on a mission regarding the organization of that state. He subsequently resided in California. Mr. Howard published "Mississippi Law Reports, 1834-'44" (7 vols., Philadelphia 1839-44); and, in conjunction with A. Hutchinson. "Statute Laws of Mississippi" (1840).

HOWARD, William A., revenue officer. b. in Maine in 1807; d. 18 Nov., 1871. When a boy he distinguished himself by leading an expedition to rescue a United States vessel that had been seized