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276 logical institution from 1849 till 1855, and professor of church history from 1853 till 1855. Since 1855 he has been professor of theology and Christian ethics, and since 1868 has been president. From 1868 till 1883 he was a member of the executive committee of the American Baptist missionary union. He is a trustee of Wellesley, and a fellow of Brown. He received the degrees of D. D. from Brown in 1856 and LL. D. from Denison and Rich- mond in 1876. He has published, besides review articles, a translation of Priedrich M. Perthe's " Life of Chrysostom," with Rev. D. B. Ford (Bos- ton, 1854); "The State of the Impenitent Dead" (1859) ; " The Miracles of Christ as attested by the Evangelists " (1864) ; " The Scriptural Law of Di- vorce " (1866) ; " God with Us, or the Person and Work of Christ" (1872); "Normal-class Manual, Part I., What to Teach " (1873) ; " Religion and the State " (1874) ; "The Doctrine of the Higher Christian Life, compared with the Teachings of the Holy Scriptures " (1876) ; " Manual of Systematic Theology and Christian Ethics" (1877; new ed., Philadelphia, 1880). He is general editor of " An American Commentary on the New Testament," to which he contributed the commentary on the gospel of John (Philadelphia, 1885). — His brother, Charles Edward, lawyer, b. in Thetford, Orange co., Vt., 26 April, 1827, was graduated at Dartmouth in 1852, after which he became principal of the high-school in Framingham, Mass., and of the boy's high-school in Peoria, 111. He assisted in organizing the Illinois normal university in Normal, of which he was president from 1857 till the civil war, and on the organization of a system of public schools in that city, in 1856, he was appointed superintendent, and assisted in forming the state teachers' association, of which he was president in 1856. On 15 Aug., 1861, he entered the national service as colonel of the 33d Illinois volunteer infantry, a regiment composed chiefly of young men from the state colleges. In 1862 he was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general, and on 5 Sept., 1862, to that of major-general by brevet, for gallant and meritorious conduct in battle, particularly at Arkansas Post, 11 Jan., 1863. He left the military service in May, 1863, and has since practised law. He delivered a number of addresses in Illinois, was a member of the state board of education there, was the editor of the "Illinois Teacher," and contributed also to other educational periodicals from 1852 till 1861. HOVEY, Alvin Peterson, soldier, b. in Posey county, lnd., 6 Sept., 1821. He was educated in the Mount Vernon common schools, studied law, was admitted to the bar of Mount Vernon in 1843, and practised with success. He was a delegate to the Constitutional convention of Indiana in 1850. In 1851 he became circuit judge of the 3d judicial circuit of Indiana, which office he held until 1854, when he was made judge of the supreme court of Indiana. From 1856 till 1858 he served as U. S. district attorney for Indiana. During the civil war he entered the national service as colonel of the 24th Indiana volunteers, in July, 1861. He was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers on 28 April, 1862, and brevetted major-general for meri- torious and distinguished services in July, 1864. He was in command of the eastern district of Arkansas in 1863, and of the district of Indiana in 1864-'5. Gen. Grant, in his official report, awards to Gen. Hovey the honor of the key-battle of the Vicksburg campaign, that of Champion's Hill. Gen. Hovey resigned in October, 1865, and was appointed min- ister to Peru, which office he resigned in 1870. He was elected to congress as a Republican in 1886.

HOVEY, Charles Mason, horticulturist, b. in Cambridge, Mass., 26 Oct., 1810 ; d. there, 2 Sept., 1887. He was graduated at the Cambridge acad- emy in 1824. He was early interested in culti- vation of fruits and flowers, exhibiting varieties that gained him the first premiums from the Mas- sachusetts horticultural society, with which he has been identified since 1831. He was its president from 1863 till 1867, and during his service in this capacity their new hall was built under his super- vision. He laid the corner-stone, 18 Aug., 1864 and delivered the dedicatory address, 6 Sept., 1865. His grounds in Cambridge contain the largest col- lection of trees in the United States, 168 specimens and varieties, all from 30 to 40 years old ; and he has produced many fine specimens of fruits and flowers from seed and hybridization. He is a member of the principal horticultural societies of America, and corresponding and honorary member of the Royal horticultural societies of London and Edinburgh. He edited the American "Gardiner's Magazine " in 1835, and the " Magazine of Horti- culture" (34 vols., 1835-69). He has published " Fruits of America," with colored plates, for which he made drawings (2 vols., New York, 1854). and a reprint of Rev. T. C. Brehaut's " Cordon Training of Fruit-Trees," with a supplement (Boston, 1865). He has also contributed largely to magazines.

HOW, Samuel Blanchard, clergyman, b. in Burlington, N. J., 14 Oct., 1790 ; d. in New Bruns- wick, N. J., 29 Feb., 1868. He was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1810, at Prince- ton theological seminary in 1813, was ordained in 1815, and settled successively over Presbyterian churches in Salisbury, Pa., Trenton, and New Brunswick, N. J., until 1823, when he became pas- tor of the Independent church in Savannah, Ga., whence he was called in 1830 to the presidency of Dickinson college, Pa. In 1832 he became pastor of the 1st Reformed Dutch church of New Bruns- wick, N. J., continuing in this charge until failing health induced his resignation in 1861. . Union college gave him the degree of D. D. in 1830. Dr. How was an old-school Presbyterian, was fear- less in the espousal of unpopular subjects, took ex- treme views in defence of slavery, and, in connec- tion with the request of the classis of North Caro- lina of the German Reformed church to be admitted into the body of the Dutch Reformed, he published a volume urging its admission, under the title " Slaveholding not Sinful " (New Brunswick, N. J., 1855). Among many sermons and addresses he published "The Gospel Ministry" (New Bruns- wick, N. J., 1838) ; " Tribute of Filial Affection on the Death of Mrs. Jane Kirkpatrick " (1851) ; " Ser- mons " (1851) ; " Sermon on the Death of Rev. Dr. Jacob J. Janewav " (1858) ; and " Funeral Sermon on the Death of Littleton Kirkpatrick " (1859).

HOWARD, Benjamin, soldier, b. in Virginia about 1760 ; d. in St. Louis, Mo., 18 Sept., 1814. He removed to Kentucky in early manhood, and was a member of congress from 1807 till 1810, when he resigned to become governor of upper Louisiana. In March, 1813, he was appointed brigadier-general in the U. S. army, and was as- signed to the command of the 8th military depart- ment, including the territory west of the Mississippi.

'HOWARD, Benjamin Chew, statesman, b. in Baltimore county, Md., 5 Nov., 1791 : d. in Baltimore, Md., 6 March, 1872. He was graduated at Princeton in 1809, studied law, and practised in Baltimore. In 1814 he assisted in organizing troops for the defence of Baltimore, and eninmanded the "mechanical volunteers" at the battle of North Point on 12 Sept. of that year. He served