Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1892, volume 3).djvu/30

10 in the convent was on the occasion of a first com- munion, when, without the organ accompaniment, she rendered one of Father Fabcr's hymns.

GUELL Y RENTE, Juan (goo-ell), Cuban author, b. in Havana in 1815 ; d. in Madrid, Spain, in 1875. He was educated in Havana, and went to Spain in 1835, where he entered the army, but after several years returned to his native city. He was a member of the Spanish cortes several times. He published a volume of poems (1843) ; " Hojas del Alma," poems (1844) ; " Ultimos Cantos " (Madrid, (1859) ; and " Noches de Estio " (1861).— His brother, Jos§, author, b. in Havana in 1818 ; d. in Madrid, Spain, 20 Dec, 1884, went, in 1835, to Barcelona, Spain, where he received, in 1838, the diploma of LL. D. After spending several years in his native city he returned to Spain, and in 1848, notwithstand- ing great opposition from high quarters, married Dofia Josefa Fernanda, sister to the king consort. Giiell suffered many hardships on account of this marriage ; his wife was deprived of all the rights and honors belonging to her royal birth, and he was banished from Spain. He went to France, and remained there several years, taking part in many of the conspiracies of the Liberals against the Spanish government. In 1879 Giiell was elected senator for Havana to the Spanish cortes. He published " Amarguras del Corazon," a volume of poems (Havana, 1843) ; " Lagrimas del Corazon," poems (Madrid, 1846) ; " Leyendas Americanas," which have been translated into English, French, Italian, and German (1856), and other works in Spanish. He also wrote much in French, including the novels " Neludia," " Les deux folies," " Cathe- rine Ossuna," " Les amours d'un negre," and " Philippe II. et Don Carlos devant 1'histoire," an historical work which shows much research (1878).

GUEMES Y HORCASITAS, Juan Francisco (guay'-meth), Cuban statesman, b. in Oviedo, Spain, in 1682; d. in 1768. He took part in the wars of the beginning of the 18th century, and from 1734 to 1746 was governor of Cuba. He or- ganized the judicial system of the island, founded hospitals, established a general post-office, caused the construction of several first-class men-of-war, fortified Havana, and in 1739 sent a successful ex- pedition to the relief of St. Augustine, Fla., be- sieged by the English. In 1742 he sent another expedition to South Carolina. In 1746 he was ap- pointed viceroy of Mexico, and there also he intro- duced many reforms. In 1755 he returned to Spain, and was brevetted captain-general, and created count of Re- villa Gigedo. — His son, Juan Vicente, count of Revilla Gigedo, vice- roy of Mexico, b. in Havana, Cuba, about 1734; d. in Madrid, Spain, 2 May, 1799, was educated in Spain, en- tered the army, took part in the siege of Gibraltar from 1779 to 1 783, was promoted lieutenant-general, and in 1789 appointed vice- roy of Mexico. He im- mediately began one of the most beneficial administrations that Mexico ever had under Spanish rule. He reformed the financial management, finished the paving of the principal streets of the capital, had the open sewers and canals filled up and subter- ranean sewers provided, cleaned the principal square, established free primary schools, and be- f^an a carriage-road to Vera Cruz. He also estab- ished the botanical garden in Mexico, and sent scientific expeditions to Bering strait and the strait of Juan de Fuca. But he was calumniated at court, was relieved of the government, 12 July, 1794, and spent his Jast days in Spain.

GUENUCALQUIN (gwe'n-noo-kal-keen'), Arau- canian cacique, b. in the valley of Ilicura, Arauco, in 1599 ; d. there in 1634. From- his early youth he participated in the struggle against the Spanish invaders of his country, and was elected cacique of his tribe in 1626. He attacked the Spanish army in the defile of Robleria in 1630, and after a protract- ed fight routed them with heavy loss. His gal- lantry and strategic ability caused him to be elected toqui by the united tribes of Arauco in 1631. In 1632 Guenucalquin was advised by his chiefs to surprise the Spanish camp in the night, but he re- fused, saying that he did not wish to be accused by the enemy of having taken advantage of the dark- ness. In the battle that took place on the follow- ing morning the Indians were gaining the advan- tage, when the second chief of the Araucanian army, Putapichion, was killed, and in their desire to rescue his body the Indians became confused and put to flight. Alter this defeat, Guenucalquin collected the scattered forces again, and continued his inroads into Spanish territory till their army invaded Arauco once more, and he was killed in a bloody battle in his native valley.

GUERNSEY, Alfred Hudson, editor, b. in Vermont in 1825. He was for several years editor of &ldquo;Harper's Magazine,&rdquo; and from 1872 till 1876 was an associate editor of the &ldquo;American Cyclopaedia,&rdquo; to which he contributed numerous articles. He has also written largely for periodicals, mainly on historical subjects, and is author, jointly with Henry M. Alden, of &ldquo;Harper's Pictorial History of the Great Rebellion,&rdquo; Mr. Guernsey writing the eastern campaigns (2 vols., New York, 1862-'5), and of &ldquo;The Spanish Armada&rdquo; (1882).

GUERRERO, Teodoro (ga-rayr'-ro), Cuban au- thor, b. in Havana, Cuba, in 1825. He went to Spain to be educated, returned to his native coun- try in 1845, and began his literary career by pub- lishing " Teodorelas," a volume of poems. In 1855 his drama " La Escala del Poder was performed at Madrid, and his comedy " La Cabeza y el Cora- zon" at Havana in 1861. Guerrero has taken a great interest in educational matters. He has published " Lecciones de Mundo," which has gone through many editions, "Anatomia del corazon," " Cuentos de la Salon," " Historia intima de Seis Mirjeres." and novels and pieces for the theatre.

GUERRERO, Vicente (ger-ray'-ro), president of Mexico, b. in Tixtla, Mexico, in 1783 ; d. in Cuilapam, Mexico, 14 Feb., 1831. He distinguished himself in the battle of Izucar, 23 Feb., 1812, and after the defeat of the revolutionists at Puruaran went to the south of Mexico and gained several victories over the Spaniards. In 1816 he was defeated in Canada de las Naranjos, but soon afterward he defeated Zavala and Reguera in Azoyu. The Spanish general Apodaca then offered to pardon him if he would yield, but he refused. The death of Morelos, Matamoros, and Mina, the imprisonment of Bravo and Rayon, and the pardon accepted by Teran, almost put an end to the revolution, and Guerrero was the only general that continued to resist the Spaniards, until the victory of Tamo, 15 Sept., 1818, revived the cause and enabled him to gain other victories. When