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270 1809 till 1830. He published "History of the Churches of Western New York " (New York, 1851).

HOTCHKISS, Velona Roundy, clergyman, b. in Spafford, Onondaga co., N. Y.. 3 June, 1815; d. in Buffalo, N. Y., 4 Jan., 1882. He was gradu- ated at Madison university in 1835, and. entering the Baptist theological seminary at Hamilton, studied there three years, and was ordained in 1838 as pastor of a church in Poultney, Vt. He was successively in charge of churches, in Rochester, N. Y., Fall River, Mass., and Buffalo, N. Y, till 1854, when he was appointed to the chair of eccle- siastical history in the Baptist theological seminary at Rochester, and afterward to that of the Hebrew language and literature. In 1864 he was recalled to his former charge in Buffalo, continuing at the same time his connection with the theological seminary. In 1869 he resigned his professorship and devoted himself to pastoral work till 1879, when increasing age and infirmities induced his resignation. In 1880 he delivered a course of lec- tures on " Expository Preaching " before the Bap- tist theological seminaries in Rochester, N. Y., Chicago, 111., Woodstock, Canada, and the State ministerial association of Michigan. He received the degree of D. U. from Madison university.

HOUDAN, Luc du, French hydrographer, b. in Rennes in 1811 ; d. in Paris in 1846. He entered the navy, and was a lieutenant in the French fleet that blockaded Buenos Ay res in 1840-'3. He was sent several times to make hydrographic observa- tions through the country, was in Buenos Ayres at the outbreak of the riots that desolated that city in April, 1843, and barely escaped death. Return- ing to France in December of the same year, he Eublished " Histoire et vue pittoresques des sites de iuenos Ayres " (Paris, 1844) ; " Le systeme pluvial dans l'Amerique du Sud" (1844); "Le cours du Parana jusqu'a sa junction avec le Paraguay" (2 vols., 1845, with charts) ; and " Releve hydro- graphique de l'Uruguay " (2 vols., 1845, with charts). After his death appeared " La situation politique de l'Amerique du Sud, et de l'avenir de ces pays " (Paris, 1846) ; " Releve hydrographique du cours du Paraguay " (1846) ; and " Hydrographie et geodesie de l'Amerique du Sud" (1847).

HOUDE, Frederick, Canadian journalist, b. in Riviere du Loup, Canada, 23 Sept., 1847. He was educated at Nicolet college, edited Canadian pa- pers in the United States for six years, and in 1874 became editor of the " Nouveau Monde " of Mon- treal. While in the United States he initiated the movement for the return of Canadians in that country to Canada, which was afterward partially adopted by the Dominion and Quebec governments. Mr. Houde was elected to the Dominion parlia- ment in 1879 as a Conservative. He advocates the commercial independence of Canada.

HOUDETOT, François Lauriot de (hoo-deh-to'), French adventurer, born in Avranches in 1617; died in Martinique in 1659. He entered the service of the West Indian company, and went in 1635 to St. Christopher, and afterward to Martinique. When the newly appointed governor-general of St. Christopher, Patrocle de Thoisy, sought help of Diel Duparquet, governor of Martinique, against the rebel commander, Louvilliers de Poincy, Duparquet left Houdetot in command. The expedition proved unsuccessful, and Poincy, sailing for Martinique, summoned Houdetot to submit to his authority, promising him the government of the colony. Houdetot sternly refused, and, having called to arms every able-bodied man in the colony, obliged Poincy to retire, securing also the release of Duparquet in 1648. Meanwhile he had successfully terminated a rebellion that had been incited by Captain Boutain, an agent of Poincy, in 1646. The colony being again pacified, Houdetot was sent with a force of 100 men to Santa Alousia, or Santa Lucia, conquered it from the Caribs in 1648, and, importing some laborers from Martinique, established a colony. Two years later Duparquet added the government of Granada to that of Santa Lucia, and Houdetot conquered and colonized that island. In 1654 the Caribs, incited by a half-breed Englishman named Warner began a bloody war, lasting three years, in which the French were several times on the verge of ruin. Houdetot, with a handful of soldiers, contrived to pacify his own governments, and landing in Martinique rescued Duparquet, who had been surrounded in his house, wounded, and his forces reduced to twelve men, and, chasing the Caribs, inflicted on them a decisive defeat. Duparquet died in the following year, leaving the government of Martinique to his wife, with a recommendation to seek the advice of Houdetot; but the violent temper of Mine. Duparquet brought about troubles, during which Houdetot found a premature death.

HOUDON, Jean Antoine (oo-don'), French sculptor, b. in Versailles, France, 20 March, 1740; d. in Paris, 15 July, 1828. He studied his art un- der Michel Ange Slodtz, and later under Pigale, and while in the Ecole des beaux arts, when only nineteen years of age, took the first prize for sculp- ture, which involved a residence in Italy. He spent ten years in Rome at a period when the exca- vation of Herculaneum and Pompeii, and the writings of Winckelmann, had given new impulse to art. Among other works he there finished a colossal statue of St. Bruno, of which Clement XIV. said: "He would speak, if the rule of his order did not prescribe silence." Returning to Paris, he executed during the next fifteen years many masterpieces, which placed him in the front rank of French sculptors and procured his admis- sion to the academy. In 1785. he accompanied Franklin to the United States to prepare a model for the statue of Washington which had been or- dered by the state of Virginia, and passed two weeks at Mount Vernon for that purpose. The statue, bearing the sculptor's legend, "Fait par Houdon, citoyen francais, 1788," and which now stands in the hall of the capitol at Richmond, is clad in the uniform of an American Revolutionary officer, and, according to the testimony of personal friends of Washington, is in many respects the best representation of him that ever has been made. Among Houdon's later works were busts of Napo- leon and Josephine, and other celebrities of the first empire, and the noted statue of Cicero in the palace of theLuxembourg. After the execution of the latter work he lost his memory, and was com- pelled to give up his profession. He had none of the other common infirmities of age, and so vener- able was his appearance that the artist Gerard introduced him in his picture, "Entry of Henri IV. into Paris," as one of the magistrates who pre- sented the king with the keys of the city.

HOUGH, Franklin Benjamin (huff), author, b. in Martinsburg, N. Y., 20 July, 1820 ; d. in Lowville, N. Y., 6 June, 1885. His father, Dr. Horatio G. Hough, emigrated from Southwick, Mass., and was the first physician in Lewis county, N. Y. Franklin was graduated at Union in 1843, and at Cleveland medical college in 1848, and, after teaching for several years, practised medicine in Somerville, N. Y., in 1848-52, and in Albany, N. Y., in 1854-'60. In 1862 he entered the U. S. volunteer service as regimental surgeon, and served nine