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266 the departments of physics, chemistry, botany, and biology, and for a system of pensions to the presi- dent and heads of departments. By this, these officers are allowed to spend one year in seven in Europe, are given a progressive augmentation of salary after twenty-one years of service, after twenty-six years of service a pension of five hun- dred dollars a year for life. Prof. Horsford has at- tached the condition that the beneficiaries must be women. He has received the degrees of A. M. from Harvard in 1847 and from Union in 1843. and that of M. D. from the medical college in Castle- ton. Prof. Horsford is one of the very few surviv- ing members of the original American society of naturalists and geologists, which has since grown into the American association for the advancement of science, and he is also a member of various scientific and historical societies. His contribu- tions to scientific literature include numerous articles which have appeared since 1846 in technical journals. More than thirty years ago he published in the " Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science" the result? of successful practical experiments in pouring oil on rough seas. His services as a chemical expert in courts of law were in frequent demand, more especially during the period of the vulcanized rubber litigation. In 1873 he was appointed one of the government commissioners to the Vienna exposition, and contributed an article on " Hun- garian Milling and the Vienna Bread " to the U. S. government reports. He was one of the jurors in the Centennial exhibition held in Philadelphia in 1876. Of his late publications there are several which show the results of his acquaintance with the Indian language, acquired in his childhood from the Indians who had been pupils of his father, notably one on the li Indian Names of Boston," and one " On the Landfall of John Cabot in 1497, and the Site of Norumbega." These places had been lost for more than three centuries when he established their exact location. His latest service has been the absolute reproduction in print of the manuscript Indian dictionary of David Zeisberger, the Moravian missionary. It is given in English and equivalent German, Iroquois (Onandaga), and Algonquin (Delaware). A large number of copies have been given to Wellesley college to enable it by exchange to provide facilities to specialists who desire to study comparative Indian philology. — His wife, Mary L'Hoinmedieu Gardiner, poet, b. in New York city, 27 Sept., 1824; d. in Cambridge, Mass., 25 Nov., 1855, was the daughter of Samuel S. Gardiner of Shelter Island. She was educated at the Albany female academy, and in 1847 mar- ried Prof. Horsford. Besides contributing to the " Knickerbocker Magazine " and other periodicals, she published " Indian Legends and other Poems " (New York, 1855). In 1857, Prof. Horsford mar- ried her sister, Phcebe Dayton Gardiner.

HORSLEY, Charles Edward, musician, b. in Kensington, England, 16 Dec, 1821 ; d. in New York city, 28 Feb., 1876. He received the rudi- ments of musical education from his father, and in 1839 went to Cassel, Germany, where he studied under Hauptman, Spohr, and Mendelssohn. In 1841 he returned to London, and began his career as a musical composer, writing the oratorios of " David " (1849) and " Joseph " (1852), the cantata " Comus " (1854), and the oratorio of " Gideon " (1860). Besides these he wrote many anthems and orchestral works. From London he went to Aus- tralia, and thence, in 1872, to New York, where he became choir-master at St. John's chapel, which post he held until his death.

HORSMANDEN, Daniel, jurist, b. in Gould- hurst. Kent, England, in 1691 ; d. in Flatbush, N.Y., 28 Sept., 1778. He was called to the city council of New York, 23 May, 1733, and was afterward re- corder and chief justice from March, 1763, and also president of the council. In 1773 he was appointed a commissioner to inquire into the burning of the king's ship " Gaspe " by a party of Whigs in the preceding year. In 1776, with Oliver De Lancey and about one thousand other residents of the city and county of New York, he signed an address to Lord Howe. He is buried in Trinity church- vard. Judge Horsmanden published " The New York Conspiracy, or the History of the Negro Plot" (1741-'2; re-published in 1810), he having been one of the judges that tried the supposed conspira- tors, and " Letters to Gov. Clinton * (1747).

HORTIGOSA, Peter de, R. C. clergyman, b. in Spain in 1546 ; d. in Mexico in 1626. He was president of the Jesuit college in the city of Mexi- co, and taught theology there. He wrote "De Selectis Theologiae Questionibus " and "Concilii Mexicani Decreta et Canones " (Mexico, 1627).

HORTON, Azariah, clergyman, b. in Southold, N. Y., 20 March, 1715 ; d. in what is now Chatham, N. J., 27 March, 1777. He was graduated at Yale in 1735, ordained by the presbytery of New York in 1740, and went as a missionary among the In- dians in the eastern part of Long Island. As the result of his labors two churches are still in exist- ence, one at Pooseputrick, in the south of Brook- haven, and the other at Shinnecock. He was pas- tor at South Hanover, N. J., from 1748 till Novem- ber, 1776. He left a bequest of $533 " for the edu- cation of pious young men."

HORTON, George Firman, physician. b. in Terrytown, Bradford co., Pa., 2 Jan., 1806; d. there, 20 Dec, 1886. He was educated at Rensse- laer polytechnic institute. Troy, N. Y., and in the medical department of Rutgers college, and began practice in his native town in 1829. He became an advocate of the temperance cause in 1830, and was a member of the American anti-slavery society almost from the time of its foundation till the ex- tinction of slavery. He was for twelve years treas- urer and town-clerk of his township, from 1830 till 1856 postmaster at Terrytown, and in 1872 was elected a delegate to the Constitutional convention of Pennsylvania for revising the state constitution. He was a skilful botanist and entomologist. He published reports of his cases in the " Transac- tions of the Pennsylvania State Medical Society " ; " Reports on the Geology of Bradford County " (1858) ; and " The Horton Genealogy " (1876).

HORTON, Valentine Baxter, manufacturer, b. in Windsor, Vt., 29 Jan., 1802 ; d. in Pomeroy, Meigs co., Ohio, 14 Jan., 1888. He was educated at Partridge's military academy at Norwich, Vt., and on its removal to Middletown, Conn., accompanied it as a teacher. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1830, and began practice at Pittsburg, Pa. In 1833 he removed to Cincinnati, and in 1835 to Pomeroy, Ohio, where he became engaged in mining and manufacturing. He was a delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1850, and was then elected a representative in congress as a Republican, serving from 3 Dec, 1855, till 3 March, 1859, and declining a renomination. He was a member of the peace congress of 1861, and was again elected to congress, serving from 4 July, 1861, till 3 March, 1863. He was a member of the board of trustees of Ohio university for the last forty years of his life, and was five times a member of the general convention of the Protestant Episcopal church of the United States.