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256 nated piano lecture-concerts for lyceums in 1867, and was the first musician in America that trained children to sing Handel's " Hallelujah Chorus." In 1874 his orchestral music was played at the Crystal Palace, London, a distinction never before enjoyed by an American musician, and in 1885 his chamber music was rendered at Liszt's house at Weimar, Germany. In addition to songs, secular and sacred, two symphonies, and three operas, he has pub- lished" " First Book of Church Music" (1860); a class-book of notation study (1865); and "Sec- ond Book of Church Music " (1867). — Another son, Frederick Vincent, physician, b. in Burlington, Vt., 23 May, 1839, was graduated at the University of Vermont in 1859. and studied medicine. He was surgeon and professor of geology in Louisiana state university, in charge of the geological survey of that state from 1868 till 1874, surgeon to the New Almaden and Sulphur Bank quicksilver mine in 1876-82, and since then has practised medicine in San Francisco. He has originated a method of killing the bacilli of tuberculosis and leprosy by half-inch sparks from a Ruhmkorff coil. In ad- dition to articles published in newspapers, he has written four reports on the " Geology of Louisiana " in the " Reports of the Louisiana State Univer- sity " (Baton Rouge, 1870-'3), and a report, in con- junction with Prof. Eugene W. Hilgard, on borings made by the engineer department of the U. S. army between the Mississippi river and Borgne lake (Washington, 1878).

HOPKINS, Johns, philanthropist, b. in Anne Arundel county, Md., 19 May, 1795; d. in Balti- more, 24 Dec, 1873. His parents were Quakers, and their son was trained to a farming life, but received a fair education. At seventeen years of age he went to Baltimore, became a clerk in his uncle's wholesale grocery-store, and in a few years accumulated sufficient capital to establish himself in the grocery trade with a partner. Three years later, in 1822, he founded, with his two brothers, the house of Hopkins and Brothers. He rapidly added to his fortune until he had amassed large wealth. Retiring from business as a grocer in 1847, he engaged in banking and railroad enter- prises, became a director in the Baltimore and Ohio railroad company, and, in 1855, chairman of its finance committee. Two years afterward, when the company was seriously embarrassed, he volun- teered to endorse its notes, and risked his private fortune in its extrication. He was one of the pro- jectors of a line of iron steamships between Balti- more and Bremen, and built many warehouses in the city. In March, 1873, he gave property val- ued at $4,500,000 to found a hospital which, by its charter, is free to all, regardless of race or color, presented the city of Baltimore with a public park, and gave $3,500,000 to found the Johns Hopkins university, which was first proposed by him in 1867, and was opened in 1876. It embraces schools of law, medicine, science, and agriculture, and publishes the results of researches of professors and students. At his death he left a fortune of $10,000,000, including the sums set apart for the endowment of the university and hospital, which were devised to the trustees in his will.

HOPKINS, Josiah, clergyman, b. in Pittsford. Vt., 25 April, 1786 : d. in Geneva, N. Y., 27 June, 1862. He studied with the minister of his parish, and subsequently with Rev. Lemuel Haynes, the colored preacher, was licensed as a Congregational minister in 1810, and, after a year's labor as a mis- sionary in western Vermont, was settled as a pastor at New Haven, Conn., in 1811. He remained there nineteen years, teaching theology most of the time in addition to his pastoral duties. In 1830 he ac- cepted the pastorate of the 1st Presbyterian church in Auburn, N. Y., which he resigned in 1848 in consequence of failing health. While residing in New Haven he prepared for his classes " The Christian Instructor, a theological text-book con- taining a summary and defence of Christian doc- trines, which passed through many editions.

HOPKINS, Lemuel, poet, b. in Waterbury, Conn., 19 June, 1750; d. in Hartford, Conn., 14 April, 1801. He was a farmer's son, and after ob- taining a good education studied medicine at Wal- lingford, served for a short time as a volunteer in the Revolutionary army, and practised at Litchfield from 1776 till 1784, when he removed to Hartford. He was noted for independence of thought and various talents, and was singular in appearance and manners. His death was hastened by repeated bleedings, which he ordered for the purpose of averting an expected attack of pulmonary disease. He was one of the coterie called the Hartford wits, consisting, besides himself, of John Trumbull, David Humphreys, Richard Alsop, Joel Barlow, Theodore Dwight, and others, who were associated in the authorship of " The Anarchiad," a series of essays modelled after the English work called " The Rolliad," and having for their object the advocacy of an efficient federal constitution. Dr. Hopkins projected this work, consisting of pretended ex- tracts from what purported to be an ancient he- roic poem in English that had been discovered in the interior of the American continent. He had the largest share in writing the essays, which were mostly composed in concert. He afterward wrote parts of the series of satirical papers called " The Echo " and " The Political Greenhouse," and con- tributed also to "The Guillotine." For several years he wrote satirical " New- Year's Verses " for a political newspaper of Hartford. In early life he was an adherent of the French infidel philoso- ghy, but later he became a diligent student of the iible, and employed his powers of wit and sarcasm in " The Anarchiad " and other satirical .writings in defence of the Christian theology. He is said to have written for Barlow the version of the 137th psalm, beginning " Along the banks where Babel's current flows." Among the best known of his po- ems are " The Hypocrite's Hope " and an elegy on " The Victim of a Cancer Quack." Some of his verses appear in the collection of " American Po- ems" edited by Elisha Smith (Litchfield, 1793), and in Charles W. Everest's " Poets of Connecti- cut" (Hartford, 1843).

HOPKINS, Mark, educator, b. in Stockbridge, Mass., 4 Feb., 1802 ; d. in Williamstown, Mass., 17 June, 1887. He was a grandson of Col. Mark, of the Revolutionary army, a graduate of Yale, and the first lawyer in Berkshire county, who was a younger brother of Dr. Samuel, the theologian, and married a half-sister of Ephraim Williams, the founder of Williams college. He was graduated at Williams in 1824, with the valedictory, was a tutor in that college in 1825-'7, studied medicine at the same time, and was graduated at the Berkshire medical school in 1829. He began practice in New York city, but in 1830 was called to the chair of moral philosophy and rhetoric at Williams. He was licensed to preach in 1832. In 1836 he succeeded Dr. Edward D. Griffin as president of the college, which post he held until 1872, when he resigned, though retaining the chair of moral and intellectual philosophy, which was established for him in 1836, and that of Christian theology, which he assumed in 1858. The pastorate of the college church, on which he en-