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Rh Central America Pictu re-Writing," "Observations on the Transit of Mercury at Mt. Hamilton," "List of Twenty-three New Double Stars discov- ered at the Caroline Islands by Edward S. Holden and Charles S. Hastings," and "A System of Local Warnings against Tornadoes."

HOLDEN, Oliver, psalmist, b. in Shirley, Mass., 18 Sept., 1765; d. in Charlestown, Mass., in 1831. While engaged in the carpenter's trade he published his first book of sacred music, arranged in three and four parts, entitled &ldquo;The American Harmony &rdquo; (1793). Most of this was original. Soon afterward he published the &ldquo;Union Harmony, or a Universal Collection of Sacred Music&rdquo;; &ldquo;The Massachusetts Compiler,&rdquo; with Hans Gram and Samuel Holyoke (1795); and edited &ldquo;The Worcester Collection of Sacred Harmony&rdquo; (1797). The last was a sixth edition, altered, revised, and corrected, with an appendix containing new psalm-tunes. It was printed upon movable types that had been procured from England in 1786, by Isaac Thomas, of Worcester, and is the oldest music-book that was thus printed. Holden was the author of several hymn-tunes, including &ldquo;Confidence&rdquo; and &ldquo;Coronation,&rdquo; which are still popular.

HOLDEN, William Woods, journalist, b. in Orange county, N. C, 24 Nov., 1818. He attended a common school until he was sixteen years old, was in a printing-office in Hillsborough, N. C, for the next two years, and in 1841 was admitted to the bar in Raleigh, N. C. In 1843 he bought " The Raleigh Standard," and was its editor twenty-five years. He served in the legislature in 1846, was a member of the State convention in 1861, and signed the ordinance of secession. He was ap- pointed by President Johnson provisional governor of North Carolina in 1865, declined the mission to San Salvador in 1866, and in 1868 he was elected governor, as a Republican, by popular vote. Re- ports of " Ku-klux " outrages in the latter part of 1869, and early in 1870, caused the governor, by virtue of authority that had been conferred on him by the legislature, to issue a proclamation on 7 March, declaring the county of Alamance to be in state of insurrection, and a similar one on 8 July egarding Caswell county, and several arrests were made with the aid of the militia. This action caused much excitement, and the Democrats, in addresses that were issued in March and July, as- serted that the accounts of outrages were exagger- ated, that the local authorities were fully able to preserve order, and that the governor's course was intended to influence the coming election. Gov. Holden applied to President Grant for troops, and at first refused to deliver the prisoners to the civil authorities on writ of habeas corpus, but afterward did so by advice of the U. S. attorney-general. The accused persons were held for trial in their respect- ive counties, and on 10 Nov. the governor pro- claimed the restoration of civil authority. The opposition to Gov. Holden on account of his course in this matter culminated in the presentation by the state house of representatives to the senate on 20 Dec, 1870, of eight articles of impeachment against him " for high crimes and misdemeanors." The senate declared him guilty of six of the eight indictments, and ordered that he " be removed from the office of governor, and disqualified to hold any office of trust, honor, or profit under the state of North Carolina." He removed to Washington and edited the " National Republican," but afterward returned to Raleigh and was postmaster.

HOLDER, Joseph Bassett, zoologist, b. in Lynn, Mass., 26 Oct., 1824: d. in New York city, 28 Feb., 1888. He studied in Providence, R. I., and took a course in the Harvard medical school. Subse- quently he entered the U. S. army, and from 1860 till 1867 was surgeon-in-charge at the U. S. mili- tary prison in Tortugas, Fla., and then assistant post-surgeon at Fort Monroe, Va. In 1870 he was appointed curator of invertebrate zoology, icthy- ology, and herpetology in the American museum of natural history, New York. He was a member of several scientific societies and a fellow of the New York academy of sciences. His publications in- clude " History of the North American Fauna " (New York, 1882); "History of the Atlantic Kight Whales" (1883) ; and " The Living World " (1884). — His son, Charles Frederick, naturalist, b. in Lynn, Mass., 5 Aug., 1851, was educated at the Friends' school in Providence, R. I., at Allen's seminary, West Newton, Mass., and at the U. S. naval academy in Annapolis, Md. From 1870 till 1877 he was assistant in the American museum of natural history, and subsequently was connected with the New York aquarium, for which he made several trips to various parts of the United States for rare specimens. In 1880 he settled in New York city, and thenceforth devoted himself to lec- turing on zoology in schools, and in literary pur- suits. He is a member of scientific societies, and is a fellow of the New York academy of sciences. Mr. Holder has contributed to magazine literature, and especially to periodicals for young people. He is the author of " Elements of Zoology " (New York, 1885) ; " Marvels of Animal Life " (1885) ; " The Ivory King" (1886); "Living Lights" (1887); and " Wonder Wings " (Boston, 1887).

HOLDICH, Joseph, clergyman, b. in Cam- bridgeshire, England, 20 April, 1804. He removed to the United States in 1812, entered the Meth- odist ministry in 1822, and officiated in Philadel- phia, New York, and several cities of New Jersey, until 1835, when he became assistant professor of moral science and belles-lettres in Wesleyan univer- sitv, Middletown, Conn. He was full professor in 1836-'49, and from 1849 till 1878 secretary of the American Bible society, but failure of eyesight compelled his resignation from this office in 1878. He received the degree of A. M. from Princeton in 1822, and that of D. D. from La Grange college, Alabama, in 1843. He has published " Bible His- tory" (1833): "Life of A. H. Hurd" (1839); and " Life of Wilbur Fisk " (New York, 1842).

HOLE-IN-THE-DAY, Chippewa chief, b. in Minnesota about 1827; d. in Crow Wing, Minn., 29 June, 1868. He was chief of the Chippewa nation, displayed unusual intelligence, understood something of the nature of civil government, believed in the arts of peace, and realized the influence and power of the white man. He married an Irishwoman, and became one of the wealthiest men in Minnesota, his possessions being valued at about $2,000,000. At the beginning of the last Indian war in Minnesota in 1862, it was his influence that restrained the Chippewas from joining the unruly Sioux in their assaults on the white settlers. He was assassinated by Indians.

HOLGUIN, Carlos (ole-sboon'). South American statesman, b. in No vita, Colombia, 11 July. 1832. He studied in Cali and in a Jesuit college in Bogota. After the members of that society were expelled from Colombia on 18 May, 1850. Holguin continued his studies in the University of Bogota and was graduated as a lawyer in 1852. He has been always a warm defender of the Conservative party, in the tribune and the press, as a member of con- gress and as the editor of several newspapers, such as "El Caucano" (1857) and "La Prensa" (1866-'8), and has actively opposed the Liberal party of his