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200  with great strength. Like all the Araucanians, he had become an adept in the management of the horses that had been imported by the Spaniards, and as he liked to fight in armor that he had captured from them, they were accustomed to call him the &ldquo;Indian knight.&rdquo;

HILBERNAZ, Francisco de Faria (eel-ber- nath), Brazilian philanthropist, b. in Sao Paulo in 1669 ; d. there in 1731. He was a mining engineer, and discovered in 1720 the rich gold-mines at the foot of the rock called " Itabira " (shining stone). After the mine had proved successful he built a town near it on the banks of the river, with a church, city-hall, and court-house, and the place soon became one of the foremost of the province of Minas Geraes. Afterward Hilbernaz sold his claims to the land and the mine, and returned to his native place, where he devoted his riches to the benefit of the people. He founded a botani- cal garden, a museum of natural history in Sao Paulo, and otherwise contributed his great wealth to the improvement of his birthplace. Auguste de Saint Hilaire, in his " Voyage dans les provinces de Rio de Janeiro et de Minas Geraes," asserts that Hilbernaz intended to establish a university in Sao Paulo, and bequeathed in his will a large sum for that purpose ; but for some reason, although the city received the money, it never fulfilled the intention of the testator.

HILDEBURN, Charles Swift Riche, bibliographer, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 14 Aug., 1855. He received his education in private schools. Since 1876 he has been librarian of the Athenaeum of Philadelphia. He edited with notes " The Inscrip- tions in St. Peter's Church -Yard, Philadelphia, copied by Rev. William White Bronson " (1879) ; is the compiler of " A Century of Printing : the Issues of the Press in Pennsylvania, 1685-1784" (2 vols., l885-'6) ; and has contributed numerous historical and biographical articles to various maga- zines. He is one of the commissioners to prepare and publish the statutes at large of Pennsylvania prior to 1800, which will require about ten vol- umes, the first to appear in 1888.

HILDEBURN, Mary Jane, author, b. in Phila- delphia, Pa., 2 Dec, 1821 ; d. there, 18 Sept., 1882. Her maiden name was Reed, and she was educated in Philadelphia. She wrote a great number of Sunday-school books, the principal of which are "Day Dreams" (Philadelphia, 1854); "Money, or the Ainsworths," a prize-book (1860) ; " Bessie Lane's Mistake " (1865) ; "Flora Morris's Choice" (1867) ; " The Craythorns of Stony Hollow " (1869) ; and " Gaffeney's Tavern " (1872). She also pub- lished poems in several magazines under the pen- name of " Marie Roseau."

HILDRETH, Eugenius Augustus, physician, b. in Wheeling, W. Va., 13 Sept., 1821 ; d. there 31 Aug., 1885. He was graduated at Kenyon college in 1840, and at the Medical college of Ohio in Cincinnati in 1844. After serving as resident physician of the commercial hospital and lunatic asylum of Ohio for one year, he settled in Wheel- ing. He was president of the Wheeling board of education, also Medical society of West Virginia in 1876-'7, and served on important committees of the American medical association. Dr. Hildreth was a member of the State board of examiners for surgeons in the army, and from 1873 till 1885 member of the U. S. board of surgeons for pensions. He was the inventor of surgical appliances, and published articles upon " Medical Botany of West Virginia," " Meteorology and Epidemic Diseases of Ohio County," and " Biographies of Physicians of Wheeling for the Last Hundred Years."

HILDRETH, Ezekiel, educator, b. in Westford, Mass., 18 July, 1784; d. in Wheeling, Va., 15 March, 1856. He was graduated at Harvard in 1814, and taught for forty-two years in Ohio, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Virginia. He published a grammatical work, entitled •' Logopolis, or City of Words," a " Key to Knowledge," an essay on the " Mortality of the Soul," and an address on " Edu- cation," delivered before an educational convention in Clarksburg, Va., in 1836.

HILDRETH, Hosea, clergyman, b. in Chelmsford, Mass., 2 Jan., 1782 ; d. in Sterling. Vt., 10 July, 1835. He was a descendant of Richard Hildreth, who emigrated from England in 1643. His father removed to Sterling, Vt., where he purchased a farm. Hosea was graduated at Harvard in 1805, and studied theology. He engaged in teaching until 1811, when he became professor of mathematics in Phillips Exeter academy, where he remained till 1825. In that year he was ordained pastor of a Congregational church in Gloucester Mass., which was afterward divided by the Unitarian controversy. An orthodox church was then established in his parish, of which he held charge until he resigned in 1833. In 1834 he became pastor of a small church in Westborough. He was an advocate of the temperance reform, and was agent of the Massachusetts temperance society. He delivered a Dudleian lecture at Harvard in 1829. and published various sermons. — His son, Richard, author, b. in Deerfield, Mass., 22 June, 1807; d. in Florence, Italy, 11 July, 1865, was graduated at Harvard in 1826. He was admitted to the bar in 1830, and practised law in Newburyport and Boston until 1832, when he became co-editor of the " Boston Atlas," a daily newspaper. This was the exponent or organ of Rufus Choate, Caleb Cushing, and other rising politicians, who were then associated together, and for several years Mr. Hildreth's connection with the new paper gave it a decided pre-eminence among the political journals of New England. His articles were remarkable for the vehemence of their tone, the closeness of their reasoning, and their elaborate historical illustrations. In 1837 he wrote a series of articles for the "Atlas" against the annexation of Texas, and spent the winter of 1837-8 in Washington as correspondent of that journal. He then resumed his editorial post, advocated Gen. Harrison's election to the presidency, and wrote a biography of his candidate. In 1840 he went to Demerara, British Guiana, where he edited successively " The Guiana Chronicle." and " The Royal Gazette," which supported the policy of the British government in the abolition of slavery. He also edited a compilation of the colonial laws of British Guiana, with an historical introduction. For several years he was connected with the New York "Tribune," and also contributed articles to the "American Cyclopaedia." In 1861 he was appointed U. S. consul at Trieste, where he remained until ill health compelled him to relinquish his post. His publications are "The Slave, or Memoir of Archy Moore." an anti-slavery novel (1836 ; new ed., entitled " The White Slave," 1852); "History of Banks" (Boston, 1857); a translation of Bentham's " Theory of Legislation," from the French of Dumont (2 vols., Boston, 1840); " Theory of Morals " (Boston, 1844) ; " Theory of Politics " (New York, 1853) ; " Despotism in America " (Boston, 1854); "Japan as it Was and Is " (Boston, 1855) ; " History of the United States" (6 vols., New York, 1849-56) ; and a compilation from Lord Campbell's " Lives of Atrocious Judges" (Philadelphia, 1857). Among his pamphlets was a letter to Prof. Andrews Norton on " Miracles."