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Rh ton, his parish including Lexington and Belmont. Here he remained for eight years, after which he was transferred to St. James's in Boston. He took an especial interest in the Sunday-school, and gained great popularity as a preacher. He was nominated for the see of Providence in January, 1887. The diocese over which he presides is prob- ably the largest in New England, with the excep- tion of the archdiocese of Boston. Bishop Har- kins was selected by Archbishop Williams as his theologian at the plenary council of Baltimore, where he was appointed one of the notaries.

HARKNESS, Albert, educator, b. in Mendon (now Blackstown), Mass., 6 Oct.. 1822. He was graduated at Brown in 1842, at the head of his class, and served as master in the Providence high-school from 1843 till 1846, when he became senior master, and held this post until 1853. He then travelled extensively in Europe, spending about two years in the universities of Gottingen, Bonn, and Berlin. On his return in 1855 he was appointed professor of the Greek language and literature in Brown, which chair he still (1887) holds. He has received the degrees of Ph. D. from Bonn in 1854 and LL. D. from Brown in 1869. His publications are principally text-books, which are extensively used. They include " Arnold's First Latin Book" (New York, 1851): "Second Latin Book " (1853) ; " First Greek Book and In- troductory Greek Reader " (1860 ; revised ed., 1885) : "Latin Grammar" (1864; revised eds., 1874 and 1881); "Latin Reader" (1865); "Introductory Latin Book" (1866): "Latin Composition" (1868)"; editions of "Caesar" (1870; revised ed., with a treatise on the military system of the Romans, 1886), " Cicero " (1873), and' " Sallust " (1878) ; and "Complete Latin Course for the First Year" (1883). — His son, Albert Granger, b. in Provi- dence, R. I., 19 Nov., 1857, was graduated at Brown in 1879, and studied in Berlin, Leipzig, and Bonn. Since 1883 he has been professor of Latin and German in Madison university, Hamilton, N. Y.

HARKNESS, James, clergyman, b. in Rox- burghshire, Scotland, 13 March, 1803 ; d. in Jersey City, N. J., 4 July, 1878. He was graduated at the University of Edinburgh, was ordained to the min- istry in 1832, and became pastor of the Presbyte- rian church in Ecclefechan, Scotland. He came to the United States in 1839, and held pastorates in New York city, Fishkill, and Rochester, N. Y. In 1862 he was installed over the 3d Presbyterian church in Jersey City, where he remained until his death. He had studied medicine, had taken a medical degree, and practised among his various congregations. He adopted homoeopathy in 1840. He contributed frequently to the magazines of his denomination, and published " Messiah's Throne and Kingdom " (New York, 1855). — His son, Will- iam, astronomer, b. in Ecclefechan, Scotland, 17 Dec, 1837, studied at Lafayette college, and was graduated in 1858 at Rochester university, where he also received the degree of LL. D. in 1874. He was graduated in medicine in 1862, was appointed aide at the U. S. naval observatory in August of that year, and also served as surgeon in the U. S. army at the second battle of Bull Run, and during the attack on Washington in July, 1864. He was commissioned professor of mathematics in the U. S. navy, with the relative rank of lieutenant-com- mander, in August. 1863, and stationed at the naval observatory in Washington, D. C. In 1865-'6, dur- ing a cruise on the " Monadnock." he made an ex- tensive series of observations on terrestrial mag- netism at the principal ports in South America. His results were published by the Smithsonian in- stitution (Washington, 1872). On his return he was attached to the U. S. hydrographic office dur- ing 1867, and from 1868 till 1874 to the naval ob- servatory. He discovered the 1474 line of the solar corona at Des Moines, Iowa, during the total eclipse of 7 Aug., 1869. In 1871 he was appointed a member of the U. S. transit-of- Venus commission, and, after designing most of the instruments to be employed, he went to Hobart Town, Tasmania, as chief of the party that observed the transit there, made a voyage around the world, and returned to Washington in 1875. He was promoted to the rela- tive rank of captain in 1878, was made executive officer of the transit-of- Venus commission, and fitted out all of the expeditions in 1882. The ma- chine used for measuring the astronomical photo- graphs obtained was designed by him, and a dupli- cate of this machine has recently been made for the Lick observatory in California. Since the return of the transit-of- Venus parties, he has been engaged in reducing and discussing their observations. He also devised the sperometer caliper, which is the most accurate instrument known for measuring the inequalities of the pivots of astronomical in- struments. Prof. Harkness is a member of various scientific societies, and has prepared a great num- ber of papers and reports.

HARLAN, James, lawyer, b. in Mercer county, Ky., 22 June, 1800 ; d. in Frankfort, Ky., 18 Feb., 1863. He received a public-school education, and engaged in mercantile pursuits from 1817 till 1822. He then studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1823, beginning to practise in Harrodsburg. He was for four years prosecuting attorney for his circuit, and in 1834 was elected a representative in congress as a Whig, serving from 1835 till 1839. During his last session he was chairman of the committee for investigating defalcations. He was secretary of state of Kentucky in 1840-'4, a presi- dential elector in 1841, and a member of the legis- lature in 1845. In 1850 he was appointed attor- ney-general for Kentucky, which office he held until his death. — His son, John Marshall, lawyer, b. in Boyle county, Ky., 1 June, 1833, was graduated at Centre college in 1850, and at the law depart- ment of Transylvania university in 1853. In 1851 he was adjutant-general of Kentucky, and in 1858 became judge of Franklin county, Ky. He was afterward an unsuccessful Whig candidate for congress, and at the beginning of the civil war en- tered the Union army as colonel of the 10th Ken- tucky infantry. He was attorney-general of Ken- tucky in 1863^-'7, and was the unsuccessful Repub- lican candidate for governor of the state in 1871 and 1875. He was a member of the Louisiana com- mission that was appointed by President Hayes, and on 29 Nov., 1877, became associate justice of the U. S. supreme court, as successor of David Davis. — John Marshall's son, Richard Daven- port, was graduated at Princeton in 1881, and is now (1887) in charge of the First Presbyterian church on Fifth avenue, in New York city.

HARLAN, James, statesman, b. in Clarke county, 111., 25 Aug., 1820. He was graduated at the Indiana Asbury university in 1845, held the office of superintendent of public instruction in Iowa in 1847, and was president of Iowa Wesleyan university in 1853. He was elected to the U. S. senate in 1855 as a Whig, and served as chairman of the committee on public lands, but his seat was declared vacant on a technicality on 12 Jan., 1857. On the 17th of the same month he was re-elected for the term ending in 1861, and in the latter year was a delegate to the Peace convention. He was re-elected to the senate for the term ending in