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80 troduced a miniature grain-field to illustrate the process of reaping by machinery. His most suc- cessful effort was in the Tilghman glycerine case, when his argument induced the supreme court to. reverse its first decision on the same patent. Since 1854 Mr. Harding has been a member of the Ameri- can philosophical society. — Another son, William White, publisher, b. in Philadelphia, 1 Nov., 1830: d. there 15 May. 1889. He became asso- ciated with his father in 1855 in the publishing of the " Inquirer " and of Harding's edition of the Bible. Over two million copies of the Bible have been published by the Hardings. In April, 1860, William W. Harding changed the name of the newspaper to the " Philadelphia Inquirer," and its size from a folio to a quarto sheet. During the civil war he rendered important services to the government, in acknowledgment of which Sec. Stanton wrote to Mr. Harding: "Prom no one have I received in my official labors more disinter- ested and highly prized support than from your- self." From 1863 till 1878 Mr. Harding manufac- tured paper at the Inquirer paper-mills, Manayunk, near Philadelphia, where he introduced many new systems and inventions. At the Centennial in 1876 he was awarded a medal for paper-making, binding, and printing, he being the only exhibitor at whose establishment the paper was made, printed, and bound into the completed book.

HARDY, Arthur Sherburne, author, b. in An- dover, Mass., 13 Aug., 1847. He studied for a year at Amherst, and in 1865 entered the U. S. military academy, where he was graduated in 1869. Sub- sequently he became 2d lieutenant in the 3d artil- lery, and, after a few months' service as assistant instructor of artillery tactics in the academy, he was assigned to garrison duty in Fort Jefferson, Fla. In 1870 he was honorably discharged from the U. S. army at his own request, and until 1873 held the professorship of civil engineering and ap- plied mathematics in Iowa college, Grinnell. He then spent one year in study at the Ecole imperiale des ponts et chaussees in Paris. On his return he was professor of civil engineering in the Chandler scientific school of Dartmouth until 1878, when he accepted the chair of mathematics in the college proper. In 1873 he received the degree of Ph. D. from Amherst, and he is a member of various scientific societies. Prof. Hardy has published "Elements of Quaternions" (Boston, 1881) ; " Im- aginary Quantities," translated from the French of Argand, with notes (New York, 1881) ; and " New Methods in Topographical Surveying " (1884). Be- sides these, he is the author of a poem entitled " Francesca of Rimini " (Philadelphia, 1878), and of the two novels, " But yet a Woman " (Boston, 1883), and "The Wind of Destiny" (1886).

HARDY, Arthur Sturgis, Canadian statesman, b. at Mount Pleasant, Brant co., Ont., 14 Dec, 1837. He was educated at a grammar-school and at the Rockwood academy, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1865. He then began practice at Brantford, was appointed city solicitor in 1867, and in 1875 elected a bencher of the Law society of Ontario. In 1873 he was elected to the legis- lature of Ontario for South Brant, re-elected for the same constituency in 1875, by acclamation, and in March, 1877, became provincial secretary and registrar of Ontario. Mr. Hardy has introduced and carried through the legislature measures con- solidating and amending the jurors' act, and others relating to the liquor-license law, the jurisdiction of division courts, and joint-stock companies.

HARDY, Benjamin Franklin, physician, b. in Kennebunk, Me., 28 Jan., 1808 ; d. in San Fran- cisco, Cal., 22 Nov., 1886. He was left an orphan at four vears of age, was educated at Haverford college, Pa., and graduated in medicine in 1840 at the University of Pennsylvania. He subsequently removed to New Bedford, Mass., and after prac- tising there for several years accepted the appoint- ment of court physician and physician in charge of the marine hospital at the Hawaiian islands. He arrived there in 1856, and after remaining six years removed to San Francisco, Cal., where he practised until his death. He was the founder of the San Francisco lying-in hospital and foundling asylum, incorporated in 1868, and regarded this as his life- work. He was its manager, physician, and surgeon till within two months of his death.

HARDY, Sir Charles, British soldier, b. about 1705 ; d. in Spithead, England, 18 May, 1780. He became captain in the navy, 10 Aug., 1741, governor and commander-in-chief at Newfoundland in 1744, and as rear-admiral of the white was second in command at the taking of Louisburg in 1758. He was British administrative governor of New York in 1755-'7, and vice-admiral of the white in Hawke's victory of Belle Isle in 1759. Sir Charles was gov- ernor of Greenwich hospital in 1771-'80. — His brother, Josiah, merchant, was governor of New Jersey in 1761-3, but was dismissed for issuing a commission to judges during good behavior, in vio- lation of his instructions.

HARDY, Elias, lawyer, b. in 1746 ; d. in St. John, New Brunswick, in 1799. He was practising as a lawyer in New York at the close of the Revo- lutionary war, and soon afterward settled in St. John, New Brunswick, where he was known as the " London lawyer." At the election of members for the first house of assembly, Mr. Hardy was elected for Northumberland county, and was chosen for St. John in the second house of assembly. In the celebrated slander case of 1790, in which Mon- son Hait was placed on trial charged with accusing Benedict Arnold with burning his warehouse in order to defraud the company that had insured the property, Mr. Hardy was counsel for the defendant, against whom the jury returned a verdict of two shillings and sixpence damages. He married a daughter of Dr. Peter Huggerford, surgeon in the New York regiment raised by Col. Beverley Robin- son. Several years after her husband's death Mrs. Hardy and her family returned to New York. HARDY, James Ward, educator, b. in Georgia, 19 Jan., 1815 ; d. in Alabama, 14 Aug., 1853. He was graduated at Randolph-Macon college, Va., in 1837, and in the same year was elected to the chair of natural science in that institution, also entering the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal church. He was for several years professor of mathematics in Grange college, Ala., and afterward its president.

HARDY, Samuel, statesman, b. in Isle of Wight county, Va., about 1758; d. in New York city in October, 1785. He was a son of Richard Hardy, and descended from George Hardy, who represented that county in the house of burgesses 1642-'52. Samuel was educated at William and Mary college in 1776-'81, began the practice of law, was in the house of delegates one or two sessions, and in June, 1781, was appointed a member of the executive council. He was a member of the continental congress from Virginia in 1783-5. On 6 May, 1784, he voted against the resolution in congress restricting the salary of a foreign minister of the United States to $8,000, and on 7 May opposed the motion that the salary of a U. S. secretary for foreign affairs should not exceed $3,000 per annum. In May, 1784, he nominated Jefferson as minister plenipotentiary to Europe to assist