Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1889, volume 6).djvu/735

POWDERLY Montana, 17 June, 1887. He was educated at West- minster college, New Wilmington, Pa., and admit- ted to the bar in 1859. He became captain in the 42d Ohio regiment in 1861, served in the Shenan- doah valley, was commissioned colonel in 1862, participated in the Vicksburg campaign, and was then promoted to the command of a brigade and served under Gen. William T. Sherman. On 5 Jan., 1865, he became brigadier-general of volun- teers. He then returned to the practice of law, was elected state senator of Ohio, and was governor of Montana in 1870-'83. He was in the legislature in 1884, after which he occupied no public office.

POWDERLY, Terence Vincent, general mas- ter-workman of the Knights of labor, b. in Carbon- dale, Pa., 22 Jan., 1849, of Irish Catholic parents, who had come to the United States in 1826. His father was a day laborer, and Terence was the eleventh child. He attended the public schools from his seventh to his thirteenth year. Then he began keeping a switch for the Delaware and Hudson canal company, and in 1866 he was em- ployed as an apprentice in the machine-shops of that company. In 1869 he went to Scranton, Pa., which has since been his home. There he obtained work in the shops of the Delaware, Lackawanna, and Western railroad company, and at night stud- ied drawing and mechanical engineering. In 1871 he joined the Machinists' and blacksmiths' union, of which he soon became president. His interest in industrial affairs has been the guiding prin- ciple of his life. In 1874 Mr. Powderly was initi- ated into the Knights of labor (an order founded in 1869 in Philadelphia by Uriah S. Stevens, of Cape May county, N. J.) and became a member of Assembly No. 88. During the panic of 1873 he lost his work at Scranton, and went to Oil City, Pa., whence he went, in 1874, as a delegate to the Na- tional convention of the Machinists' and black- smiths' union in Louisville. This was his first national appearance as an advocate of organized labor. He finally succeeded in getting this union to disband and join the Knights of labor as Assem- bly No. 222. In 1877 he assisted in organizing in Lackawanna county, Pa., a district assembly of Knights of labor, of which he became and was district secretary until 1886. In the great strikes of 1877 about 5,000 laborers, mostly of the Knights of labor of that district, were discharged, and emi- grated to various parts of the west. In their new homes they established new assemblies of the Knights of labor, and to this Mr. Powderly largely attributes the spread and growth of the order. He and other leaders held the first general assembly of the order at Reading, Pa., in 1878, and at the next session, held in St. Louis in 1879, he was elected to the second office, grand worthy foreman. At the third convention, held in Chicago in Sep- tember, 1879, Mr. Powderly was elected general master-workman, and he has since, despite bitter opposition, been eight times re-elected to that office, which he now holds. In April, 1878, by the labor vote, he was elected mayor of Scranton, Pa., and he was several times re-elected as a Democrat to that office. He helped to establish the " Labor Advocate" at Sc*ranton in 1877. Mr. Powderly writes regularly for the organ of the Knights of labor, the "Journal of United Labor," and has written on " The Army of the Unemployed " and kindred topics for periodicals. When "the Irish land league movement was organized in this coun- try Mr. Powderly was made its second vice-presi- dent. He went as chairman of the Pennsylvania delegation to the Irish land league convention of 1883, and called that convention to order. At present he is engaged on a " History of the Origin and Principles of the Knights of Labor."

PULESTON, Sir John Henry, banker, b. in the vale of Cluyd, Wales, in 1830. He was edu- cated at King's college, London, where he studied medicine. This profession he soon abandoned, and came to the United States. He settled in Lucerne county, Pa., and published a paper in Pittston, which proving unsuccessful, he founded one in Phcenixville. During the civil war he was made chief of the Pennsylvania agency established in Washington by Gov. Andrew G. Curtin. He dis- charged the duties of this office for some time, but resigned to take charge of claims offered to him under the government. Subsequently he estab- lished himself in New York city in the banking- firm of Puleston, Raymond and Co., and later re- turned to London as a member of the firm of Jay Cooke, McCulloch and Co. He was elected to par- liament from Devonport in 1874, and by re-elec- tions has since retained that seat. In 1887 he was knighted for his long and faithful services in par- liament. At present he is a member of the bank- ing-firm of Puleston and Brown.

PURDUE, John, philanthropist, b. near Shep- ardsburg, Pa., C Oct., 1801 ; d. in Lafayette, Ind., 12 Sept., 1876. In his early youth he emigrated to Ohio with his parents. He received a common- school education, taught for a time, became a dry- goods merchant, settled in Lafayette, Ind., in 1839, and accumulated a fortune, also engaging in manufacturing. Mr. Purdue was owner of the Lafayette "Journal," and in 1866 was an unsuc- cessful independent candidate for congress. In 1869 he founded Purdue university in his adopted town, giving $150,000 toward its endowment.

RAMBAUT, Mary Lncinda Bonney, educator, b. in Hamilton, N. Y., 8 June, 1816. She founded, with Harriette A. Dillaye, the Chestnut street seminary for young ladies, in Philadelphia, in 1850, and conducted it until 1883, when it was removed to Ogontz, near Philadelphia, where she continued it for five years. In 1888 she married the Rev. Thomas Rambaut, and resides in Hamil- ton, N. Y. She originated the Woman's national Indian association in 1879, and was its president until 1884, when she became honorary president.

REED, Caroline Gallup, educator, b. in Berne, N. Y, 5 Aug., 1821. She is the daughter of Al- bert Gallup, treasurer of Albany county, and was educated at St. Peter's school and the Female academy in Albany. In 1851 she married the Rev. Sylvanus Reed, and in 1864. established a school for young ladies in New York city, which she still continues. In 1883 this very successful school was incorporated under the laws of New York state as Reed college, so that the perpetu- ity of the establishment might be assured. Mrs. Reed was elected a member of the American geo- graphical society in 1860, of the American associa- tion for the advancement of science, and of the New York genealogical and biographical society in 1882. She has published various papers and has issued regularly " circulars of information " upon subjects of educational interest.

REICH, Jacques, artist, b. in Hungary, 10 Aug., 1852. He was a pupil of William Adolphe Bouguereau and Robert Fleury, studied art in Budapest, and in 1873 came to the United States, where he continued his studies at the Academy of fine arts in Philadelphia. He has devoted most of his time to drawing in black and white, and has executed numerous portraits in charcoal. In 1879