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Rh on " Thoughts on the Nature and Origin of Force " (1870); "On the Refraction of Sound" (1875): "Kinetic Theories of Gravitation" (1876); "Re- cent Researches in Sound " (1876) ; " History of the Electro-Magnetic Telegraph " (1878) ; " The Scien- tific Work of Joseph Henry " (1878) ; " Physics and Occult Qualities" (1882) ; and " On the Crumpling of the Earth's Crust " (1882) ; also a discussion with the Rev. J. Newton Brown " On the Obliga- tion of the Sabbath " (Philadelphia, 1853).

TAYLOR, William Mackergo, clergyman, b. in Kilmarnock, Scotland, 23 Oct., 1829. He was graduated at the University of Glasgow in 1849, and at the theological seminary of the United Pres- byterian church in Edinburgh in 1852, and after officiating for two years as pastor of the small par- ish of Kilmaurs, Ayrshire, removed in 1855 to Liv- erpool, England, to form a new Presbyterian con- gregation. There he gathered a large congrega- tion of merchants, mechanics, and tradespeople. He visited the United States in 1871, and preached in Brooklyn, N. Y., with such effectiveness that in the following year he was called to occupy the pul- pit of the Broadway Tabernacle in New York city, as the successor of the Rev. Joseph P. Thompson. He received the degree of D. D. from both Yale and Amherst in 1872, and that of LL. D. from Prince- ton in 1883. He was lecturer at Yale seminary in 1876 and 1886, and at Princeton seminary in 1880. In 1876-'80 Dr. Taylor edited the "Christian at Work." He is the author of " Life Truths," a vol- ume of sermons (Liverpool, 1862) ; " The Miracles : Helps to Faith, not Hindrances " (Edinburgh, 1865) : " The Lost Found and the Wanderer Welcomed " (1870); "Memoir of the Rev. Matthew Dickie" (Bristol, 1872) ; " Prayer and Business " (New York, 1873) ; " David, King of Israel " (1875) ; " Elijah, the Prophet " (1876) ; " The Ministry of the Word," containing lectures delivered at Yale (1876): " Songs in the Night " (1877) ; " Peter, the Apos- tle " (1877) ; " Daniel, the Beloved " (1878) ; " Moses, the Lawgiver" (1879); "The Gospel Miracles in their Relation to Christ and Christianity," consist- ing of his Princeton lectures (1880) : " The Limita- tions of Life, and other Sermons " (1880) ; " Paul, the Missionary" (1882); "Contrary Winds, and other Sermons " (1883) ; " Jesus at the Well " (1884); "John Knox: a Biography " (1885) ; "Jo- seph, the Prime Minister " (1886) ; "The Parables of Our Saviour Expounded and Illustrated " (1886) ; and " The Scottish Pulpit " (1887).

TAYLOR, William Vigneron, naval officer, b. in Newport, R. I., in 1781 ; d. there, 11 Feb., 1858. He went to sea before the mast, became a captain in the merchant marine, and entered the navy as a sailing-master, 28 April, 1813. He was attached to Com. Oliver H. Perry's flag-ship, the " Lawrence," in the battle of Lake Erie, where he was severely wounded, afterward receiving a vote of thanks and a sword for his services. He was commissioned a lieutenant, 9 Dec, 1814, cruised in the "Java" on the Mediterranean station in 1815-16, and was on leave at Newport on account of his wound in 1816-'23, after which he served in the ship " Ontario," of the Mediterranean squadron, in 1824-6, at the Boston navy-yard in 1827-'8, and in the frigate "Hudson," on the Brazil station, in 1829-30. He was promoted to master-comman- dant, 3 March, 1831, was in charge of the receiving- ship at Boston in 1833-'4, and the sloop " Warren " in 1835. In 1839-'41 he had the store-ship " Erie." He was promoted to captain, 8 Sept., 1841, and commanded the Pacific squadron in the " Ohio " in 1847-'8. After this he was on leave at Newport until his death. — His son, William Rogers, naval officer, b. in Newport, R. I., 7 Nov., 1811, entered the navy as a midshipman, 1 April, 1828, became a passed midshipman, 14 June, 1834, and cruised in the "Peacock" in the East Indies in 1835-6. When the " Peacock " was stranded on the island of Massera in 1836, he was sent to take the U. S. diplomatic agent, Edmund Roberts, to Muscat to arrange treaties. This voyage lasted five days in an open boat, and upon arrival at Muscat the sul- tan offered him the sloop "Sultane " to go to the relief of the " Peacock " ; but the latter had got off, and he rejoined her at sea. He served as acting lieutenant on the same station and in the Pacific in the schooner "Enterprise" and ship "North Carolina" in 1836-8. He was commissioned a lieutenant, 10 Feb., 1840, and was engaged in the survey of Tampa bay, Fla., in 1842-3, during which he at times had command of the steamer " Poinsett " and the brig " Oregon." He served on the Brazil station in the brig " Perry " and the ship '•Columbus" in 1843-4. During the Mexican war he was on the sloop " St. Mary's " in the engage- ment with batteries at Tampico, where he com- manded the launch in the expedition that captured that port and five Mexican schooners, 14 Nov., 1846. During the siege and bombardment of Vera Cruz he commanded the eight-inch gun in the naval battery on shore for thirty-six hours. He was promoted to commander, 14 Sept., 1855, and was on ordnance duty at Washington in 1857-'9. In 1861 he was ordered to command the steamer " Housatonic," and he was promoted to captain, 16 July, 1862. While senior officer in the blockade off Charleston he engaged the Confederate rams " Chicora " and " Palmetto " in the " Housatonic " when they attacked the squadron in January. 1863. When Dahlgren took command he was appointed fleet-captain, and participated in the actions against Morris island in July, 1863. On 16 July he was in the battle on board the monitor " Catskill," and on 18 July in the monitor " Montauk." He command- ed the steamer " Juniata " in both attacks on Fort Fisher. He was president of the board to revise the navy regulations, was in charge of the ordnance- yard at Washington in 1866-'7, and was promoted to commodore, 25 July, 1866. He was a member of the examining board in 1868, commanded the northern squadron of the Pacific fleet in 1869-'71, was promoted to rear-admiral, 19 Jan., 1871. and was president of the examining board in 1871— '2, and commanded the South Atlantic squadron from 22 May, 1872, till 7 Nov., 1873, when he was retired.

TAYLOR, Zachary, twelfth president of the' United States, b. in Orange county, Va., 24 Sept., 1784; d. in the executive mansion, Washington, D. C, 9 July, 1850. His father, Col. Richard Taylor, an officer in the war of the Revolution, was conspicuous for zeal and daring among men in whom personal gallantry was the rule. After the war he retired to private life, and in 1785 removed to Kentucky, then a sparsely occupied county of Virginia, and made his home near the present city of Louisville, where he died. Zachary was the third son. Brought up on a farm in a new settlement, he had few scholastic opportunities ; but in the thrift, industry, self-denial, and forethought required by the circumstances, he learned such lessons as were well adapted to form the character illustrated by his eventful career. Yet he had also another form of education. The liberal grants of land that Virginia made to her soldiers caused many of them, after the peace of 1783, to remove to the west ; thus Col. Taylor's neighbors included many who had been his fellow-soldiers, and these often met around las wide hearth. Their corner-