Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1889, volume 6).djvu/715

Rh Araucania y sus habitantes " (1845) ; " Geologia y Geometria Subterranea" (1873); "Excursion a las Cordilleras de Copiapo " (1875) ; and " Constitucion Geologica de Chile " (1876).

DOOLITTLE, Charles Camp, soldier, b. in Burlington, Vt., 16 March, 1832. He was educated at the High-school in Montreal, Canada, but was not graduated on account of his removal to New York city in 1847. He subsequently went to Michi- gan, and on 16 May, 1861, became 1st lieutenant in the 4th Michigan regiment. He was made colonel of the 18th regiment of that state on 22 July, 1862, served in the peninsular campaign, and was slightly wounded at Gaines's Mills. He served in Kentucky in 1862-'3, and in Tennessee in 1863-'4, and was in command of Decatur, Ala., during the first day's successful defence of that town against Gen. John B. Hood. He led a brigade at Nashville, and was in command of that city in 1865, and of the north- eastern district of Louisiana in the autumn of that year. On 27 Jan., 1865, he was made brigadier-gen- eral of volunteers, and on 13 June he was brevetted major-general. He was mustered out on 30 Nov., at his own request, and since 1871 has been cashier of the Merchants' national bank, Toledo, Ohio.

DOUGHTY, John, soldier, b. in New Jersey about 1746 ; d. after 1802. He acted as commander of the American army by seniority of rank or by the appointment of Gen. Washington, from June, 1784, till September, 1789. There was no United States army during that period, except two companies of artillery, the Continental army having been dis- banded and the new army not formed. He became major of an artillery company in 1789, lieutenant- colonel of artillery and engineers in June, 1798, and on 26 May, 1800, he resigned. Col. Doughty, in 1785, built Fort Harmar, at the junction of the Muskingum with the Ohio river (the site of Mari- etta), which was the first post of the kind within the bounds of Ohio. In 1790 he built Fort Wash- ington, consisting of hewn-log cabins with connect- ing palisades, where now stands the city of Cincin- nati.' It was between the present Third and Fourth streets, and is represented in the illustration.

DOWD, Charles Ferdinand, educator, b. in Madison, Conn., 25 April, 1825. He was graduated at Yale in 1853, and has successively held the posts of principal of the preparatory department of Newton university, Baltimore, Md., professor of mathematics there, principal of the high-school, Waterbury, Conn., associate principal of the Con- necticut normal school at New Britain, superin- tendent of public schools, Waterbury, Conn., principal of the Granville (N. Y.) military acade- my, and president of Temple Grove seminary, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. He conceived the idea of adopting one standard for railway time, and after submitting it to a railway convention in New York city in October, 1869, he devised a complete plan, which he published, with a map (1870). Prof. Dowd attended conventions of railway managers in Boston, in New York, and in the west, and finally secured the adoption of the present system of rail- way standai'd time, which is a modification of his first plan. In this system the country is divided into sections, in each of which the time is made uniform, and the standards in adjacent sections differ by one hour. It went into effect on 18 Nov., 1883. Prof. Dowd received the degree of Ph. D. from the University of New York in 1888. He is writing " A Theory of Ethics."

DRAKE, Francis Marion, soldier, b. in Rush- ville, Schuyler co., 111., 30 Dec, 1830. His father, John, a native of North Carolina, founded the town of Drakesville, Iowa. The son was educated in the district schools, and entered a mercantile life at sixteen years of age. He crossed the plains to Sacramento, Cal., in 1852 and 1854, engaged in Indian warfare, and in 1859 settled in business in Unionville, Iowa. He served through the civil war, becoming in 1862 lieutenant-colonel of the 36th Iowa cavalry, was severely wounded at Mark's Mills, and in 1865 was brevetted brigadier-general of volunteers. He re-entered mercantile life at the end of the war, and was admitted to the bar in 1866, but subsequently engaged in railroad-build- ing. In 1881 he became a founder of Drake univer- sity, contributing the principal amount.

ELKIN, William Lewis, astronomer, b. in New Orleans, La., 29 April, 1855. He was edu- cated at the Royal polytechnic school in Stuttgart, Germany, and was graduated at the University of Strasburg in 1880. Subsequently he was asso- ciated with Dr. David Gill, of the Royal observatory at the Cape of Good Hope, in investigating the parallaxes of southern stars. In 1884 he became an astronomer at the observatory of Yale univer- sity, which post he still holds. His investigations at this place have included a triangulation of the Pleiades with the heliometer, and other researches with that instrument, the only one of its kind in America ; also researches on the parallaxes of northern stars. These results have been published in current astronomical journals, and have given Dr. Elkin wide reputation among astronomers.

ESTE, George Peahody, soldier, b. in Nashua, N. H., 24 April, 1829 ; d. in New York city, 6 Feb., 1881. He wrote his family name Estey till he en- tered the army, when he adopted an older spelling. He entered Dartmouth, but left on account of ill- ness before graduation, and, after going to Cali- fornia, studied law, and settled in Toledo, where he became a partner of Morrison R. Waite. He was solicitor of his county in 1860, but, entering the National service as a private, became lieuten- ant-colonel of the 14th Ohio infantry, and in 1862 succeeded to the command. During the Atlanta campaign and afterward he led a brigade, and at Jonesboro' he averted defeat by a timely bayonet charge. He was brevetted brigadier-general of vol- unteers, 9 Dec, 1864, and on 26 June, 1865, was given full rank. Gen. Este resigned on 4 Dec, 1865, and afterward practised his profession in Washington, D. C. He was presented by his regi- ment wijh a sword with diamond-studded hilt.

FERMOY, Matthias Alexis Roche de, French soldier, b. in the West Indies about 1737; d. after 1778. He was 34th on the list of Continental brigadier-generals, his commission dating 5 Nov.. 1776. On coming to this country in that year and offering his services to congress, Fermoy represented him-