Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1889, volume 6).djvu/694

658 of Monterey, 15 July, 1846, was transferred to command the marines in the frigate &ldquo;Congress,&rdquo; and took part with Com. Robert F. Stockton in the conquest of California. He was brevetted major for gallantry in the action at crossing San Gabriel river, 9 Jan., 1847, and took part in the capture of Los Angeles and in the battle of La Mesa. He was military commandant at San Diego in 1847, and participated in the capture of Guaymas in September, 1847, and in the action at San Jose, 30 Sept., 1847. During October, 1847, and till the end of the war, he was at Mazatlan, where he took part in frequent skirmishes with the Mexicans, who had been obliged to evacuate the city. He was commissioned captain, 14 Sept., 1847, and served at New York in 1849, and in Norfolk, Va., in 1849-'52. He was fleet marine-officer in the flag-ship &ldquo;Mississippi,&rdquo; in Com. Matthew C. Perry's expedition to Japan in 1852-'4, and commanded the battalion of marines at the landing on 14 July, 1853. He was stationed at Norfolk in 1854-'7, and at Washington in 1857, and there commanded the first company of marines which quelled the riot of Baltimore roughs, 1 June, 1857. When the civil war began he took command of the right company in the marine battalion in co-operation with the army in 1861, participated in the battle of Bull Run on 21 July, and was slightly wounded. He was commissioned major in the marine corps, 26 July, 1861, was commandant at New York barracks in 1862-'3, and in August, 1863, had command of the marine battalion that sailed from New York and landed on Morris island, Charleston harbor, to participate in the operations of the South Atlantic blockading squadron under Admiral Dahlgren. In March, 1864, he returned to the north and took command of the marine barracks at Portsmouth, N. H. He was appointed colonel commandant of the marine corps, 10 June, 1864, and assumed control at headquarters at Washington, D. C. He was commissioned brigadier-general commandant, 2 March, 1867. Gen. Zeilin was retired on account of age and long and faithful service, 1 Nov., 1876.

ZEISBERGER, David, missionary, b. in Zauchtenthal, Moravia, 11 April, 1721; d. in Goshen, Ohio, 17 Nov., 1808. In 1740 he emigrated to Georgia, where his church was organizing a mission among the Creeks. Thence he was sent to Pennsylvania, where he assisted in the building of Nazareth and Bethlehem. Preparatory to entering the mission service in 1743, he became a student in the Indian school at Bethlehem, where he was instructed in the Delaware and Onondaga languages. Later, he continued the study of the latter at the capital of the Five Nations. In addition to these languages he was conversant with Mohican, Monsey-Delaware, and Chippewa. From 1745 till 1750 he was employed at Shamokin and Onondaga, and in the latter year he visited Europe in behalf of the mission. In 1752 he returned to Onondaga, but was compelled to

retire to Bethlehem at the opening of the French and Indian war. Between 1755 and 1762 he visited North Carolina and the New England provinces, labored among the Indians of Connecticut, and also acted as interpreter for Pennsylvania in their treaty with Teedyuscung and his allies. During the Pontiac war he took charge of the Moravian Indians, and after the peace accompanied them to Wyalusing, Bradford co., Pa. In 1767 he established a mission among the Monsey-Delawares on Alleghany river, and three years later he began Friedenstadt, on the Beaver. His first visit to Ohio was made in 1771, and a year later he organized the mission on the Muskingum, where he was joined by the converts from Pennsylvania. Early in the Revolution the Delawares were accused of favoring the American side, and the converts were forced to leave their towns and come within the British lines. After being moved from place to place they were finally settled on Thames river in Canada. In 1798, Zeisberger, with a few converts, left Canada and founded Goshen, Ohio, where he passed the remaining ten years of his life. He published a &ldquo;Delaware and English Spelling-Book&rdquo; (Philadelphia, 1776); &ldquo;A Collection of Hymns for the Christian Indians&rdquo; (1803); and &ldquo;Sermons for Children&rdquo; (1803). Of his voluminous manuscripts there has been published &ldquo;Dictionary in German and Delaware&rdquo; (Cambridge, 1887), and &ldquo;Essay toward an Onondaga Grammar&rdquo; (Philadelphia, 1888). The most important unpublished manuscripts are &ldquo;German and Onondaga Lexicon&rdquo; (7 vols.), two Delaware Indian grammars, and collections of hymns and sermons. See &ldquo;Life and Times of David Zeisberger,&rdquo; by Bishop Edmund de Schweinitz (Philadelphia, 1870), and &ldquo;Diary of David Zeisberger, 1781-'98&rdquo; (Cincinnati, 1888).

ZELL, Bernhard (thell), Flemish explorer, b. in Luxemburg in 1715 ; d. there in 1779. He was apprenticed at Bremen, and lived in New Orleans from 1740 till 1759, where he founded a German mercantile house, and, having acquired a for- tune, he visited Florida. After the cession of Louisiana to Spain he obtained permission to travel through Mexico, and made an explora- tion of California and Texas among difficulties of all kinds. In studying the geology of Califor- nia he came to the conclusion that the country possessed gold-mines, and addressed a memoir to the Marquis de Croix, viceroy of Mexico; but little attention was paid to it, as explorations sent in former centuries to search for gold in California had utterly failed. The viceroy gave him permis- sion to organize an expedition ; but, as he refused further support, Zell returned in 1770 to his native city, where he died. He wrote " Reisen im Innern von Neu Spanien und Californien," containing an analysis of the soil of several districts of Mexico and California, from which the author concluded that California is a mining country (2 vols., Lux- emburg, 1771-'2), and " Land und Leutc der Span- isch-Amerikanischen Colonien" (2 vols., 1778).

ZENDEJAS, Miguel Ger6nimo (thaynday-has), Mexican artist, b. in Puebla in 1724 ; d. there in 1816. He came of a poor family, and probably would have died in obscurity and ignorance notwithstanding his natural talent for drawing; but Bishop Antonio J. Perez, at that time secretary of Bishop Bienpica, saw a rough painting by Zendejas, and, discovering an extraordinary gift in the poor artist, caused him to receive lessons by well-known masters. He was then too old to acquire the rudimentary principles of drawing, ana always adhered to his former custom of not making any outline sketch of his figures, but, unrolling the