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648 sixteen years later he became judge in bankruptcy. In March, 1875, he retired from the latter post. As a barrister he had a very large and lucrative practice, hardly a case of importance occurring in which he was not retained. In tenantry cases he was almost invariably retained by the tenants, and the peculiar land laws of the island found always in him a ready and logical interpreter. He fre- quently delivered public lectures, and the Mechan- ics' institute of Charlottetown owes to him its foundation. Since 1845 he has been a warm tem- perance advocate, and he has been a local preacher of the Methodist church for many years. In 1858 the queen offered him the dignity of knighthood, which he declined.

YOUNG, John, governor of New York, b. in Chelsea, Vt.. 12 June, 1802 ; d. in New York city, 23 April, 1852. He was taken in early life to Cone- sus, Livingston co., N. Y., received a common- school education, taught himself the classics, was a teacher for several years, studied law in Geneseo, was admitted to the bar in 1827. and attained a high reputation, especially as a jury lawyer. Ear- ly in life he engaged in politics, supporting An- drew Jackson in 1828, and in the following year attaching himself to the anti-Masonic party, by which he was elected to the legislature in 1832. He was elected to congress as a Whig in 1836, and served from 4 Dec. of that year till 3 March, 1837. He declined a re-election for the following term, but was again put in nomination in 1840, and was elected, took his seat when congress was called to- gether in extra session on 31 May, 1841, and served till 3 March, 1843. He was elected to the legis- lature in 1844, became leader of the Whigs, and carried through the bill for a constitutional con- vention, with the aid of the Hunker or Radical Democratic vote. He was re-elected in 1845, ac- quired great popularity as the champion of the anti-renters, received the Whig nomination for governor in 1846, and was elected. He condemned the Mexican war in his messages, and sanctioned resolutions of the legislature in favor of excluding slavery from the territory that had been acquired from Mexico. He supported Henry Clay's can- didacy in the Whig national convention of 1848. In July, 1849, he was appointed assistant treasurer of the United States in New York city.

YOUNG, Sir John, Baron Lisgar, governor-gen- eral of Canada, b. in the presidency of Bombay, Brit- ish India, 3i Aug., 1807; d. in Ire- land, 6 Oct., 1876. His father, Sir William Young, bart., was a direc- tor of the East In- dia company. In his childhood the son left India for England, and he was graduated at Oxford in 1829. He studied law, and in 1834 was called to the bar. He sat in the house of commons as a conservative from 1831 till 1855, from 1841 till 1844 was a lord of the treasury, and during the next two years secretary of the treasury. From 1852 till 1855, dur- ing the premiership of the Earl of Aberdeen, Sir John Young was sent to Ireland as chief secretary. In 1855 he was transferred to the Ionian islands as lord high commissioner. On the death of his fa- ther in 1848 he had succeeded to the baronetcy, and for his services in connection with the Ionian isl- ands mission he was decorated by the queen with the grand cross of the order of St. Michael and St. George. In 1860 he was sent to New South Wales as governor. His administration of that colony lasted nearly seven years, when he returned to England, and in 1868 received the appointment of governor-general of Canada, and governor and commander-in-chief of Prince Edward island, which had not then entered the union, in suc- cession to Viscount Monck. He arrived in No- vember, and was sworn as governor-general on 29 Dec. He remained in office until June, 1872, when he was succeeded by the Earl of Dufferin. In 1870 his long public services were rewarded with a peerage, when he took the title of Baron Lisgar, and in the year following he was constituted lord lieutenant and custos rotuhrum of the county of Cavan. As governor - general of Canada, Lord Lisgar proved a capable and dignified ruler. He was not a man given to much social display, but he was a constitutional student and a hard-work- ing official. He had been trained in a severe school, and during his career in the Dominion he had opportunity for the exercise of his talent and knowledge of public affairs. While govern- or he had to deal with the Red river rebellion, Louis Riel's first insurrection in the northwest; the Washington treaty was signed, Nova Scotia secured " better terms, Manitoba and British Co- lumbia joined in the confederation, and the terms for building the Canadian Pacific railway were agreed upon. He was in feeble health most of the time that he was in Canada, but he contrived to do his duty in an exceptionably able manner, and he won many friends. At the close of his term he retired to his estates in Ireland, and passed the re- mainder of his days quietly. The title expired with him, and, as he had no children, the estate passed to his nephew, the present baronet, Sir William Muston Need Young.

YOUNG, John, Canadian member of parliament, b. in Ayr, Scotland. 4 March, 1811 ; d. in Montreal, Canada, 12 April, 1878. He emigrated to Canada in 1826, became a clerk in the establishment of John Torrance at Montreal, and in 1835 he entered into partnership with David Torrance at Quebec. During the rebellion of 1837 he served as a captain of volunteers. Mr. Young returned to Montreal in 1840 and joined Harrison Stephens in business. In 1845 he was one of the originators of the project for the construction of the railway to Portland, Me., and he also advocated the construction of a railway from Montreal to the west and became president of the projected line. About the same time he suggested and advocated the necessity of a bridge across the St. Lawrence at Montreal, and advanced the funds for the survey, the route being adopted for the Victoria bridge. In 1851 Mr. Young was appointed commissioner of public works in the Hincks-Morin cabinet, was elected to represent the city of Montreal, and continued its representative till his health compelled him to retire in 1857. In 1851 he resigned the commissionership of public works in consequence of the determination of the government to charge differential tolls on American vessels passing through Welland canal. He was an unsuccessful candidate for Montreal, west, in 1863, was elected in 1872, and retired in 1874. YOUNG, John Clarke, educator, b. in Greencastle, Pa., 12 Aug., 1803 ; d. in Danville, Ky., 23