Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1889, volume 6).djvu/601

WINSLOW who died, 24 March, 1621, at Plymouth. He mar- ried, 12 May, 1621, Mrs. Susanna White, who had given birth to the first white child born in New England, was now the first bride, and destined to be the wife of a gov- ernor and mother of another governor. By her he had two children, Elizabeth and Josiah. His brothers, John, Ken- elm, and Josiah, identified with the early history of the colony, are the an- cestors of a numer- ous family. His family-seat was es- tablished in 1636- '7 at Greenharbor (now Marshfield), afterward the estate of Daniel Webster. The engraving of Gov. Winslow is from the only au- thentic portrait of any of the Pilgrims. It was executed in London in 1651 and is now preserved at Plymouth. The engraving above represents the monument in Plymouth to the memory of the pilgrims. Gov. Winslow's pen has left some valuable and substan- tial writings to indicate his versatility in narration and argument. What is called " Bradford's and Winslow's Journal," or by others " A Diary of Oc- currences " (London, 1622), covering the first year of the colony, is admirably supplemented by " Wins- low's Relation," which brings down the history to 10 Sept., 1623. This work, also known as " Good Newes from New England," appeared complete in Alexander Young's " Chronicles of the Pilgrims" (Boston, 1841). His letter to George Morton as advi- sory for such as proposed voyaging to Plymouth, the letters to John Winthrop, in Thomas Hutchinson's " Collection of Papers," and those to Sec. Thurlow (" State Papers," iii.) from the Barbadoes, 1654-'5, are among the most valuable of his briefer remains. His " Brief Narration," or " Hypocrisie Unmasked," in opposition to Samuel Gorton (1646), appears, in part, in Young's " Chronicles." This trenchant book was followed by another, under the title of " New England's Salamander," as an answer to aspersions cast upon New England (1647). " The Glorious Progress of the Gospel amongst the Indi- ans in New England " (1649), dedicated to parlia- ment, contained also letters from John Eliot and Thomas Mayhew. " A Platform of Church Disci- pline in New England " (1653) is his last publica- tion extant or of which we have knowledge. See Moore's " Governors of New Plymouth " ; Bay- lies's " New Plymouth " : " The Winslow Memo- rial," by David P. and Frances K. Holton (New York, 1877); Samuel G. Drake's "History of Bos- ton "(Boston, 1856); and John G. Palfrev's "His- tory of New England" (3 vols., 1858-'64).— His son, Josiah, governor of Plymouth colony, b. in Plymouth in 1629 ; d. at Marshfield, Mass., 18 Dec, 1680, was chosen deputy to the general court from Marshfield in 1643. In 1657, two years after the death of his father, he was made an as- sistant governor, which post he filled till his elec- tion as governor in 1673. This last office he held till his death. In 1658 he was chosen one of the commissioners of the United Colonies, and re-elect- ed for fourteen years. On 5 Sept., 1672, he was one of the six signers of the new articles of con- federation of the New England colonies, and on 9 Sept., 1675, he signed the declaration of war against King Philip, made by the commissioners. In 1652 he commanded the military company of Marshfield, in 1659 he was appointed military com- mander of the colony, and in 1675 he was elected general-in-chief of the whole military forces of the United Colonies, being the first native-born gen- eral as well as governor in New England. During his chief magistracy in 1674-'5 the first public school of the colony was established, and in 1680 the first lieutenant-governor was elected. The general court ordered in 1675 that four halberdiers should attend the governor and magistrates at elections, and two during the court sessions. The government now maintained a state that was hith- erto unknown in the colony. Gov. Winslow lived at Careswell, the family-seat in Marshfield, where he enjoyed the distinction of being the most ac- complished gentleman in the colony. His hospi- tality was generous, and the attractions of the festive and social board were not a little height- ened by the charms of his beautiful wife. In 1657 James Cudworth was displaced by the colony from his official post for refusing to sign, as a commis- sioner, the proceedings against the Quakers. When first a commissioner, in 1658, Winslow refused to sanction the " horrible recommendation " of that year against the Quakers, and in 1674, by his active friendship and powerful influence as governor, Cudworth was rescued from the disgrace to which Gov. Prince and others had subjected him. He showed that he had a just spirit in the active part he bore in the preliminaries to the war against Philip, in which he was afterward commander-in- chief. On 1 May, 1676. he wrote to the commis- sioners in Boston that the land in his colony had all been honestly purchased of the Indians, and, to protect the natives from wrong, no settler was allowed to receive land except by permission of the court. His capture of Alexander in 1662, the brother of Philip, and for two years sachem after Massasoit's death, illustrates his courage and personal daring as a soldier. His last public act, on 5 Sept., 1680, was to solicit a charter for Plym- outh from the crown, Cudworth being appointed to present the ad- dress to the king. Gov. Winslow cele- brated the memory of Gov. Bradford in a poem that is pub- lished in George Morton's " Memo- riall." He married, in 1657, Penelope Pelham, daughter of Herbert Pelham, who came to Bos- ton in 1645, and was first treasurer of Harvard college, and assistant gov- ernor in 1646-'9. The portrait of Gov. Winslow given herewith is from a painting probably executed during his visit to London in 1651, which, with the portrait of his wife, is preserved in Pilgrim hall, Plymouth. A son and a daughter survived him. — The former, Isaac, b. in 1670 ; d. at Careswell, 6 Dec, 1738, was military commander of the colony, a member of the council more than twenty