Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1889, volume 6).djvu/522

490 by act of congress in 1863, but he has since withdrawn from that body. He is also a member of other scientific bodies, both at home and abroad. In addition to contributing to the &ldquo;American Journal of Science,&rdquo; the &ldquo;North American Review,&rdquo; and similar periodicals, he has translated Berzelius's &ldquo;Use of the Blowpipe&rdquo; (Boston, 1845), and is the author of &ldquo;The Yosemite Guide-Book&rdquo; (San Francisco, 1869). Prof. Whitney has made a specialty of collecting a library of geological and geographical books. Mount Whitney, the highest mountain in the United States, was named in his honor.—His wife, Louisa Goddard, b. in Manchester, England, 17 Dec., 1819; d. in Cambridge, 13 May, 1882, is the author of &ldquo;The Burning of the Convent: a Narrative of the Destruction of the Ursuline School on Mount Benedict, Charlestown, by One of the Pupils&rdquo; (Cambridge, Mass., 1877), and &ldquo;Peasy's Childhood: an Autobiography&rdquo; (1878).—His brother, William Dwight, philologist, b. in Northampton, Mass., 9 Feb., 1827, was graduated at Williams in 1845, and obtained a clerkship in a banking-house in Northampton. This occupation he followed for three years, and devoted his leisure to the study of languages, particularly Sanskrit. In 1849-'50 he studied under Prof. Edward E. Salisbury at Yale, and in 1850 he went to Germany and studied at the University of Berlin under Franz Bopp and Albrecht Weber, and at the University of Tübingen under Rudolf Roth. With the latter he prepared an edition of the &ldquo;Atharva Veda Sanhita&rdquo; (Berlin, 1856), for which he copied the text from the manuscripts in the Royal library in Berlin, and collated it with other copies in the libraries of Paris, London, and Oxford. In 1854 he was appointed professor of Sanskrit at Yale, and in 1870 of comparative philology also at that university, and he still retains the combined chair. Prof. Whitney delivered a series of lectures before the Smithsonian institution in 1864, which he repeated in extended form before the Lowell institute in Boston, and then published as &ldquo;Language and the Study of Language&rdquo; (New York, 1867). He was elected a member of the American oriental society in 1849, was its librarian in 1855-'73, its corresponding secretary in 1857-'84, and since then its president. His contributions to its &ldquo;Journal&rdquo; have been very large, and of its volumes vi.-xii., half the contents were written by him, including a translation of the &ldquo;Sûrya Siddhânta,&rdquo; with notes and appendix, being a Hindoo treatise on astronomy (1860); text, with notes, of the &ldquo;Atharva Veda Prâtiçâkhya&rdquo; (1862); the text, with English versions, notes, and native commentary, of the &ldquo;Taittirîya Prâtiçâkhya&rdquo; (1871), which gained for him the Bopp prize from the Berlin academy as the most important Sanskrit publication of the preceding three years; the &ldquo;Index Verborum to the Atharva-Veda&rdquo; (1881); and reviews of Karl R. Lepsius's phonetic alphabet and of the opinions of Jean B. Biot, Albrecht Weber, and Max Müller on Hindoo astronomy. He was also a contributor to the great Sanskrit dictionary of Böhtlingk and Roth (7 vols., St. Petersburg, 1853-'67). Prof. Whitney ranks as one of the foremost Sanskrit scholars of his time, and his text-books have been awarded high praise for their exact statements of general grammatical doctrine. In the science of language, of which his expositions and classifications are accepted as authoritative, he claims that the development of speech is by the acceptance of conventional signs, and that its beginnings were imitative, in lieu of the view advanced by others who contend that language was spontaneously generated in the mind and coexistent with thought. The degree of Ph. D. was

on him by the University of Breslau in 1861, and that of LL. D. by Williams in 1868, William and Mary in 1869, and Harvard in 1876, while that of J. U. D. was given him by St. Andrews, Scotland, in 1874, and Litt. D. by Columbia in 1886. He was the first president of the American philological association in 1869, and in 1865 was elected to the National academy of sciences. Besides his membership in many other scientific bodies, both at home and abroad, he is a correspondent of the Berlin, Turin, Rome, and St. Petersburg academies, the Institut of France, and is a foreign knight of the Prussian order &ldquo;Pour le mérite.&rdquo; Prof. Whitney has written for the &ldquo;North American Review,&rdquo; the &ldquo;New Englander,&rdquo; and similar periodicals, and various articles in cyclopædias, and has contributed to the transactions of societies of which he is a member many papers, of which may be mentioned (besides those included in his Oriental and linguistic studies) &ldquo;Contributions from the Atharva Veda to the Theory of Sanskrit Verbal Accent&rdquo; (1856); &ldquo;On the Jyotisha Observation of the Place of the Colures and the Date derivable from It&rdquo; (1864); &ldquo;On Material and Form in Language&rdquo; (1872); &ldquo;Darwinism and Language&rdquo; (1874); &ldquo;Logical Consistency in Views of Language&rdquo; (1880); &ldquo;Mixture in Language&rdquo; (1881); &ldquo;The Study of Hindoo Grammar and the Study of Sanskrit&rdquo; (1884); &ldquo;The Upanishads and their Latest Translation&rdquo; (1886). His other works, several of which have been translated into one or more languages, include &ldquo;Compendious German Grammar&rdquo; (New York, 1869); &ldquo;German Reader in Prose and Verse&rdquo; (1870); &ldquo;Oriental and Linguistic Studies&rdquo; (1st series, 1873; 3d series, 1875); &ldquo;Life and Growth of Language&rdquo; in the &ldquo;International Scientific Series&rdquo; (1876); &ldquo;Essentials of English Grammar&rdquo; (Boston, 1877); &ldquo;Sanskrit Grammar, including both the Classical Language and the Older Dialects of Veda and Brahmana&rdquo; (Leipsic, 1879); and &ldquo;Practical French Grammar&rdquo; (1886). At present he is superintending editor of the &ldquo;Dictionary of the English Language&rdquo; in course of preparation by the Century company in New York.

WHITNEY, Myron W., singer, b. in Ashbury, Mass., 5 Sept., 1836. He went to Boston at the age of sixteen and made his first appearance there in 1858 at a Christmas performance of the &ldquo;Messiah&rdquo; that was given by the Handel and Haydn society. After about ten years of concert-singing he went to Florence, Italy, where he studied with Luigi Vennusini, and then to London to become a pupil of Alberto Randegger. He then filled various engagements and attracted attention especially by his rendition of the part of Elijah at the Birmingham festival. In 1876 he was the principal solo-singer at the opening exercises of the Centennial exhibition in Philadelphia. Since that year he has sung in his native country, and has appeared in nearly all the May festivals held in different cities of the Union. For several years he was a member of the Boston ideal opera company. He possesses a fine bass voice of nearly three octaves compass, and is especially noted as an oratorio-singer.

WHITNEY, Peter, clergyman, b. in Northborough, Mass., 6 Sept., 1744; d. there, 29 Feb., 1816. He was graduated at Harvard in 1762, and on 4 Nov., 1767, ordained pastor at Northborough, where he remained till his death. He was the author of a &ldquo;History of the County of Worcester&rdquo; (Worcester, 1793); single sermons; and papers in the &ldquo;Memoirs of the American Academy.&rdquo; His son, (1770-1843), was graduated at Harvard in 1791, had charge of the church at Quincy, Mass.,